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AP Biology
9 sections available · 54 chapters available
Free AP Biology study notes for AP (Advanced Placement) students. Each chapter breaks down a key concept with examples and practice prompts you can turn into AI drills in the thinka app.
Course Content
Unit 1: Chemistry of Life
Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding
Elements of Life
Introduction to Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Unit 2: Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Size and Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
Plasma Membrane
Membrane Permeability
Membrane Transport and Facilitated Diffusion
Tonicity and Osmoregulation
Mechanisms of Transport
Cell Compartmentalization and Its Origins
Unit 3: Cellular Energetics
Enzymes
Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function
Cellular Energy
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
Cell Communication
Introduction to Signal Transduction
Signal Transduction Pathways
Feedback
Cell Cycle
Regulation of Cell Cycle
Unit 5: Heredity
Meiosis
Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
Mendelian Genetics
Non-Mendelian Genetics
Environmental Effects on Phenotype
Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation
DNA and RNA Structure
DNA Replication
Transcription and RNA Processing
Translation
Regulation of Gene Expression
Gene Expression and Cell Specialization
Mutations
Biotechnology
Unit 7: Natural Selection
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Population Genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Evidence of Evolution and Common Ancestry
Continuing Evolution and Variations in Populations
Phylogeny
Speciation
Origins of Life on Earth
Unit 8: Ecology
Responses to the Environment
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
Population Ecology
Effect of Density on Populations
Community Ecology
Biodiversity
Disruptions in Ecosystems
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