Cambridge OCR A Level · History A - H505

Y321 The Middle East 1908-2011: Ottomans to Arab Spring: Practice Questions

5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 5 written questions with worked solutions. All on Y321 The Middle East 1908-2011: Ottomans to Arab Spring.

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Question 1

1 mark

Which Egyptian leader emerged as a major figure of Pan-Arabism following the 1952 Revolution and the nationalisation of the Suez Canal in 1956?

Question 2

1 mark

In the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict, what was a primary territorial consequence of the 1967 Six-Day War?

Question 3

1 mark

How did the British White Paper of 1939 represent a significant shift in policy compared to the recommendations of the 1937 Peel Commission?

Question 4

1 mark

Which 1917 document expressed British support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, provided it did not prejudice the rights of existing non-Jewish communities?

Question 5

1 mark

The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran led to the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a theocratic republic under the leadership of which figure?

Question 6

2 marks

What was the primary purpose of the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916 regarding the future of the Middle East?

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Question 7

4 marks

What was the significance of the 1979 Iranian Revolution for the political structure of the state, particularly concerning the role of the Shah and the Ayatollahs?

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Question 8

6 marks

Evaluate how the use of oil as a weapon during the 1973 Yom Kippur War demonstrated the shifting power dynamic between the OPEC nations and the Western Great Powers.

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Question 9

5 marks

British Policy and the Middle East 1908–1948
(a) Identify two specific promises made by the British government in the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence (1915–1916) regarding Arab independence.
(b) Explain how the Balfour Declaration of 1917 contradicted these earlier promises and contributed to political instability in the Palestine Mandate.
(c) State one reason why the 1942 Biltmore Declaration was significant for the Zionist movement during World War II. <\/p>

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Question 10

6 marks

Zionism, Israel, and the Palestinian Issue
(a) Explain the primary factors that contributed to Israel's survival and victory during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
(b) Analyze the impact of the 1967 Six-Day War on the Palestinian refugee crisis and the subsequent administration of the "Occupied Territories."
(c) Describe the role and methods of the PLO under the leadership of Yasser Arafat in seeking international recognition for a Palestinian state between 1969 and 1988.<\/p>

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