Put These Notes into Practice
Reading the notes is a great start. Now practice with unlimited AI-generated questions and get instant feedback. 100,000+ students are already improving their grades.
Chemistry (9813)
3 sections available · 17 chapters available
Free Chemistry (9813) study notes for GCE A-Level - Higher 3 (H3) students. Each chapter breaks down a key concept with examples and practice prompts you can turn into AI drills in the thinka app.
Molecular Stereochemistry
Stereochemical projection (including Newman projections)
Conformational isomerism: energy barriers to rotation and interconversion
Cis-trans isomerism, including E, Z nomenclature
Enantiomerism and diastereomerism: R, S configuration, optical activity and optical purity
Stereoisomerism in transition element complexes: cis-trans and enantiomerism in square planar and octahedral complexes
Spectroscopic Techniques
Basic Principles of Spectroscopy: molecular orbital theory, the electromagnetic spectrum, quantisation of energy, energy level transitions
Ultraviolet/visible Spectroscopy: electronic transitions, chromophores, molar absorptivity and the Beer-Lambert law
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: molecular vibrations and characteristic IR absorptions
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: nuclear spin, chemical shift, peak area and proton counting, spin-spin splitting
Mass Spectrometry: ionisation, fragmentation and interpretation of spectra
Further Organic Mechanisms
The Hammond postulate: relationship between the transition state and the nearest stable species
Nucleophilic substitution mechanism: nature of nucleophiles and leaving group, SN1, SN2
Nucleophilic substitution kinetics: energy profile, rate law, orders of reaction, rate constants, stereochemistry, substituent effects
Competition between SN1 and SN2
Elimination mechanism: syn- and anti-elimination, stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, E1, E2
Elimination kinetics: energy profile, rate law, regioselectivity
E2/SN2 competition: substrate effects, base effects
Done reading? Test yourself with AI practice questions
Practice This Topic Now