GCE O-Level · Biology (6093)

Cell Specialisation: Practice Questions

5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 4 written questions with worked solutions. All on Cell Specialisation.

9 questions23 marksFree, no account

Question 1

1 mark

Which adaptation of a red blood cell allows it to transport a greater volume of oxygen?

Question 2

1 mark

A scientist compares a muscle cell to a skin cell and finds that the muscle cell contains many more mitochondria. What is the significance of this difference?

Question 3

1 mark

The diagram of a root hair cell shows a significant extension of the cell membrane into the surrounding soil. Which statement best explains the physiological advantage of this structural adaptation for the uptake of minerals?

Question 4

1 mark

A specific cell type is observed to have an exceptionally high density of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies. Which of the following most likely describes the primary function of this cell?

Question 5

1 mark

If a mutation occurred that caused root hair cells to develop a thicker, less permeable cell wall, which process would be most immediately and severely inhibited?

Question 6

3 marks

Using the concept of cell specialisation, explain why a muscle cell contains a significantly higher density of mitochondria compared to a skin epithelial cell.

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Question 7

6 marks

A specific poison inhibits the function of mitochondria. Explain why this would prevent a root hair cell from absorbing mineral ions against a concentration gradient.

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Question 8

4 marks

Specialised cells have unique structural adaptations that allow them to perform specific functions. Answer the following questions regarding specialised cells.

(a) Red blood cells are adapted to transport oxygen. Explain how the absence of a nucleus helps the red blood cell perform this function.
(b) Root hair cells are found in plant roots. State one structural adaptation of the root hair cell and explain how it helps the cell absorb water and mineral salts more efficiently.

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Question 9

5 marks

A root hair cell is a highly specialised plant cell responsible for the uptake of water and mineral salts from the soil.

(a) Identify two structural features of the root hair cell that adapt it for its specific function.
(b) Explain why a root hair cell contains a large number of mitochondria, and relate this to the process of active transport of ions from the soil.

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