Structure and Function of Kidneys: Practice Questions

Which organ stores urine temporarily before it is discharged from the body?

Why do red blood cells and large plasma proteins remain in the blood capillaries during ultrafiltration in the nephron?

The table shows the concentrations of several substances in blood plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine from a healthy person.

Substance P has a concentration of \(0.10\,\text{g}/100\,\text{cm}^3\) in plasma, \(0.10\,\text{g}/100\,\text{cm}^3\) in the glomerular filtrate, and \(0.00\,\text{g}/100\,\text{cm}^3\) in urine.

What is substance P and by what process is it absent from urine?

What is the biological definition of excretion in humans?

The diagram shows the human urinary system with parts labelled W, X, Y, and Z.

Which label correctly identifies the urethra?

State the biological term for the process by which small molecules are forced under high pressure from the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule, and name one component of blood that is too large to pass into the filtrate during this process.

The urinary system is responsible for the excretion of metabolic wastes from the human body.

(a) Define the term excretion.
(b) Name the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated, unfiltered blood to the kidney.
(c) State the organ that stores urine before it is discharged from the body, and name the tube through which urine passes to the outside of the body.