IB Diploma Programme (DP) - SL & HL · Biology
5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 3 written questions with worked solutions. All on D2.2 Gene expression (Cells, HL).
In eukaryotic organisms, the level of DNA methylation in the promoter region of a gene is often associated with its transcriptional activity. What is the most likely effect of a high degree of DNA methylation on the expression of a specific gene?
Studies of monozygotic (identical) twins have shown that as they age, their gene expression patterns become increasingly different despite having identical DNA sequences. What is the most likely cause of this phenomenon?
In eukaryotic gene regulation, how do nucleosomes specifically influence the rate of transcription?
In the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression, what is the specific role of spliceosomes during post-transcriptional modification?
During the process of transcription in eukaryotes, in which direction is the mRNA strand elongated and which DNA strand serves as the template?
Explain the functional role of the promoter sequence in determining both the orientation and the specific start point of transcription for a eukaryotic gene.
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Discuss how the length of the 3' poly-A tail and the presence of the 5' cap collectively regulate the half-life and translational efficiency of mRNA in the cytoplasm.
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Explain the various levels at which gene expression can be regulated in eukaryotic cells, from transcriptional control to post-translational modifications. Illustrate with specific examples for at least three different regulatory mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, histone acetylation, microRNAs, alternative splicing, protein degradation), detailing how each mechanism affects the amount or activity of the final protein product. (HL topic)
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