Response: Practice Questions

• a.

  \(Q = \text{end-diastolic volume} - \text{end-systolic volume}\)

• b.

  \(Q = \text{systolic blood pressure} + \text{diastolic blood pressure}\)

• c.

  \(Q = \text{stroke volume} \times \text{heart rate}\)

• d.

  \(Q = \text{ventilation rate} \times \text{tidal volume}\)

• a.

  Both insulin and glucagon concentrations decrease to maintain a state of metabolic rest.

• b.

  Both insulin and glucagon concentrations increase to maximize glucose uptake.

• c.

  Plasma insulin concentration decreases and plasma glucagon concentration increases.

• d.

  Plasma insulin concentration increases and plasma glucagon concentration decreases.

• a.They detect a decrease in blood pH and an increase in \( PCO_{2} \), stimulating the respiratory center to increase ventilation.
• b.They detect a decrease in blood glucose levels, which triggers deeper breaths.
• c.They detect an increase in blood pH, which signals the lungs to slow down breathing.
• d.They detect a decrease in body temperature, causing a rise in tidal volume.

• a.

  It decreases steadily as heart rate increases to prevent overfilling the heart.

• b.

  It increases until it plateaus at approximately 40%–60% of \(VO_{2}max\).

• c.

  It remains constant because only heart rate contributes to increased cardiac output.

• d.

  It increases linearly with exercise intensity until maximal exhaustion is reached.

• a.

  Increased reliance on aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.

• b.

  Depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) stores.

• c.

  Rapid breakdown of glycogen stores to produce lactate.

• d.

  Increased fatty acid oxidation as the main energy source.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.