Control of water and ion content of the body: Practice Questions

• a.

  The pituitary gland releases less ADH, resulting in the kidneys reabsorbing less water and producing more dilute urine.

• b.

  The pituitary gland releases glucagon, which signals the kidneys to increase the filtration rate of the blood.

• c.

  The pituitary gland releases less insulin, which causes the kidneys to excrete more ions and excess urea.

• d.

  The pituitary gland releases more ADH, causing the kidneys to reabsorb more water and produce concentrated urine.

• a.

  More ADH is released, the kidneys reabsorb less water, and the urine becomes more dilute.

• b.

  Less ADH is released, the kidneys reabsorb less water, and more dilute urine is produced.

• c.

  Less ADH is released, the kidneys reabsorb more water, and more concentrated urine is produced.

• d.

  More ADH is released, the kidney tubules become more permeable, and more water is reabsorbed.

• a.

  The pituitary gland releases less ADH, causing the kidneys to reabsorb less water.

• b.

  The kidneys release ADH into the blood to increase the filtration rate of urea.

• c.

  The pancreas releases ADH, which stimulates the skin to produce more sweat.

• d.

  The pituitary gland releases more ADH, causing the kidneys to reabsorb more water, resulting in concentrated urine.

• a.

  The kidney tubules become more permeable, so more water is reabsorbed into the blood, resulting in concentrated urine.

• b.

  The kidneys increase the filtration rate of urea, causing more water to be lost via the bladder.

• c.

  The kidney tubules become less permeable, so less water is reabsorbed, resulting in dilute urine.

• d.

  The kidneys stop the reabsorption of glucose, which draws more water into the urine by osmosis.

• a.

  Insulin is released to increase the permeability of the kidney tubules to water.

• b.

  Glucagon is released to prevent the reabsorption of ions and water in the kidneys.

• c.

  Less ADH is released, so less water is reabsorbed by the kidneys, resulting in more dilute urine.

• d.

  More ADH is released, so more water is reabsorbed by the kidneys, resulting in concentrated urine.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.