Oxford AQA International A-level · Biology (9610)

Regulation of transcription and translation: Practice Questions

5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 5 written questions with worked solutions. All on Regulation of transcription and translation.

10 questions24 marksFree, no account

Question 1

1 mark

According to the principles of cell specialisation, which of the following statements correctly describes the distribution of stem cells in humans?

Question 2

1 mark

Which of the following best explains how decreased acetylation of histones leads to the inhibition of transcription?

Question 3

1 mark

What is the primary mechanism by which small interfering RNA (siRNA) regulates gene expression within a cell?

Question 4

1 mark

Abnormal epigenetic changes can lead to the development of cancer. Which combination of changes would most likely result in the inactivation of a tumour suppressor gene?

Question 5

1 mark

Which statement best distinguishes the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) from the mechanism of epigenetic control by DNA methylation?

Question 6

3 marks

Explain how increased methylation of DNA inhibits the transcription of a specific target gene.

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Question 7

5 marks

Abnormal epigenetic modifications are frequently observed in malignant cells. Explain why decreased acetylation of histones associated with a tumour suppressor gene would result in a selective advantage for a growing tumour.

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Question 8

3 marks

Contrast multipotent and unipotent stem cells in terms of their differentiation potential and identify one specific tissue in a mature mammal where unipotent stem cells are typically found.

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Question 9

4 marks

Although every somatic cell in a mammal contains the same genome, different cell types express different genes. This process is essential for the development of a complex organism.

(a) State what is meant by the term totipotent and explain why these cells are only present for a limited period in mammalian development. (2 points)

(b) Describe how transcription factors regulate the expression of specific genes, allowing a cell to become specialised. (2 points)

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Question 10

4 marks

Describe the mechanism by which small interfering RNA (siRNA) regulates gene expression at the translational level. In your answer, explain how the process results in the inhibition of a specific target protein.

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