Reactions of alkenes and alcohols (chemistry only)：练习题

Alcohols are a homologous series of organic compounds. What is the functional group present in all alcohols?

An unknown hydrocarbon has the molecular formula \(C_{6}H_{12}\).
Which homologous series does it belong to, and what is its degree of saturation?

Which of the following correctly describes the observations and products when a small piece of sodium is added to a beaker containing ethanol?

When ethene reacts with steam in the presence of a catalyst, which alcohol is produced?

When propene undergoes an addition reaction with chlorine gas (\(Cl_{2}\)), which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the saturated product?

Describe two observations that would be made when a small piece of sodium metal is added to a beaker containing pure ethanol.

A solution of ethanoic acid has a higher pH than a solution of hydrochloric acid of the same concentration.
Explain this difference by referring to the degree of ionisation and the concentration of \( \text{H}^{+} \) ions.

When ethene reacts with bromine in an addition reaction, the double bond breaks to form a saturated molecule.

Identify the specific functional group present in all alkenes and describe the observed color change when an alkene is added to bromine water.

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing the \( \text{C}=\text{C} \) functional group, while alcohols contain the \( \text{-OH} \) group.

a) Describe the addition reaction between ethene and bromine water, and state the color change that occurs.
b) Ethanol can be produced by the hydration of ethene with steam. State the conditions required for this reaction (temperature and catalyst) and write the balanced symbol equation.
c) Explain why the fermentation of sugar solutions to produce ethanol is carried out in anaerobic conditions and at a specific temperature range.