Consumer and producer surplus：练习题

Consumer surplus is best defined as:

In a standard demand and supply diagram, which area identifies the producer surplus?

The supply of a unique historical artifact is perfectly inelastic. If the government introduces a specific indirect tax on the sale of this artifact, how will the consumer surplus and producer surplus be affected?

The demand for a product is represented by the equation \(P = 120 - 2Q\). If the market equilibrium price is \$80, what is the total consumer surplus in this market?

When the government provides a subsidy to producers in a market with a downward-sloping demand curve and an upward-sloping supply curve, what happens to the total welfare (sum of consumer and producer surplus minus government expenditure)?

Explain the likely impact on consumer surplus in the market for rental housing if the government introduces an effective maximum price (price ceiling).

Evaluate the impact of a government subsidy on social welfare, specifically identifying the changes in consumer surplus, producer surplus, and the cost to the taxpayer.

Using the concept of surplus, explain how the price elasticity of demand (PED) influences the extent of the change in consumer surplus when a specific indirect tax is imposed.

A government decides to impose a specific indirect tax on the consumption of sugary drinks.

(a) Using a diagram, identify the areas representing the loss in consumer surplus and the loss in producer surplus.
(b) Explain the concept of deadweight loss in the context of this tax and identify its area on your diagram.

Assess the impact on consumer and producer surplus when a closed economy opens up to international trade, assuming the world price of the good is significantly lower than the domestic equilibrium price. Evaluate whether the nation as a whole is better off despite the change in producer surplus.