Dement 與 Kleitman（睡眠與夢）：练习题

In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), when participants were tested on their ability to estimate the duration of their dreams, which two time intervals were they asked to choose between?

During the procedure of Dement and Kleitman's study, which dietary restriction were participants required to follow on the day of the experiment?

Before Dement and Kleitman's research, many researchers believed that dreams occurred instantaneously. Which of their findings most directly challenged this assumption?

In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), although nine participants were used in total, how many were studied in intensive detail to establish the relationship between REM and dreaming?

In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), what specific criteria had to be met for a participant's verbal report to be officially recorded as a 'dream recall'?

Identify the total number of participants who took part in the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) and state how many of these participants were studied in intensive detail.

In the Dement and Kleitman study, the researchers conducted a correlational analysis between the duration of REM sleep and the number of words in the dream report. Identify the direction of this relationship and explain what this correlation suggests about the nature of dreaming.

When participants in the Dement and Kleitman study were awoken during NREM sleep and reported a 'feeling' of dreaming without specific narrative content, describe how the researchers categorised these reports and explain the importance of this decision for the reliability of the study's quantitative findings.

The study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) utilized specific controls to ensure the validity of their findings.
(a) Identify two requirements that participants were asked to follow regarding their diet on the day of the experiment.
(b) Describe how the researchers ensured that participants were fully awake before they began reporting their dream content.

Dement and Kleitman investigated the relationship between the duration of REM sleep and the characteristics of the resulting dream narrative.
(a) Describe the quantitative findings regarding the correlation between the length of REM sleep and the number of words in the dream reports recorded by the participants.
(b) Explain two methodological reasons why word count might not be an entirely valid measure of the actual duration of a dream.