科學運作方式：练习题

In the context of how science works, what term is used to describe the ability of a study's findings to be consistently repeated by other researchers using the same standardized procedure?

Which scientific principle, relevant to how science works, involves developing a theory or hypothesis after observing specific instances or patterns in data?

In how science works, the concept of falsification (Popper, 1959) suggests that a theory is only scientific if:

In the context of how science works, which process involves starting with a general theory and narrowing it down into specific hypotheses that can be tested through observation?

A student conducts a practical activity investigating memory and decides to use standardisation. How does standardisation specifically contribute to the scientific principle of replicability?

A researcher is conducting a study on memory using a repeated measures design. Identify one specific way the researcher could use standardisation to ensure the replicability of their procedure.

Why is standardisation of procedures considered a vital component in ensuring that a psychological study meets the scientific criterion of replicability?

In the context of how science works, explain the relationship between hypothesis testing and the principle of falsification. Specifically, how does the use of a null hypothesis allow a researcher to potentially disprove a theory rather than just seeking to confirm it?