反應性3.1—質子轉移反應：练习题

In the following reaction, which species acts as the Brønsted-Lowry acid?

\( \text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2(aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \text{CH}_3\text{NH}_3^+(aq) + \text{OH}^-(aq) \)

Which of the following aqueous solutions of equal concentration will have the highest conductivity at \( 298 \text{ K} \)?

Solution X is \( 0.1 \text{ mol dm}^{-3} \) \( \text{HCl}(\text{aq}) \) and Solution Y is \( 0.1 \text{ mol dm}^{-3} \) \( \text{CH}_3\text{COOH}(\text{aq}) \). Both solutions are diluted by a factor of 100 with distilled water. Which statement correctly describes the change in \( \text{pH} \)?

Which of the following describes the behavior of a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

Aqueous solutions of four acids with the same concentration are prepared. Which acid solution will have the lowest electrical conductivity?

Identify the conjugate base of hydrobromic acid ($$\text{HBr}$$) in an aqueous solution.

For the reaction between ammonia ($$\text{NH}_3$$) and water ($$\text{H}_2\text{O}$$):
$$ \text{NH}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l}) \rightleftharpoons \text{NH}_4^+(\text{aq}) + \text{OH}^-(\text{aq}) $$
Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid and base, and their respective conjugate acid and base.

Proton transfer reactions are fundamental in chemistry. The Brønsted-Lowry theory provides a widely used framework for understanding these reactions.

(a) State the definitions of a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base.

(b) Consider the following equilibrium reaction:

$$NH_3(aq) + H_2O(l) \rightleftharpoons NH_4^+(aq) + OH^-(aq)$$

Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid, Brønsted-Lowry base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the forward reaction.

Some species can act as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base.
(a) State the term used to describe such species.
(b) Write two equations for the reactions of the hydrogen phosphate ion, \( \text{HPO}_4^{2-} \), to demonstrate this behavior:
(i) acting as an acid with water.
(ii) acting as a base with water.
(c) Identify the conjugate base of \( \text{HPO}_4^{2-} \).