身份認同：练习题

In the philosophy of Being human, which theory of mind suggests that mental states are defined by their functional roles—such as their causal relations to sensory inputs and behavioral outputs—rather than their physical constitution?

Which philosophical challenge is most associated with the Chinese Room thought experiment by John Searle in the context of being human?

David Hume's Bundle Theory of the Self argues against the notion of a persistent, unified self by proposing what?

Which philosophical position argues that the mind and body are two distinct and separate substances?

How does Compatibilism (Soft Determinism) redefine human freedom compared to Libertarianism?

Briefly describe Descartes' argument for mind-body dualism, specifically mentioning the role of clear and distinct perceptions.

Explore the concept of existential freedom, as articulated by Jean-Paul Sartre, explaining how it imposes radical responsibility on individuals and challenges notions of predetermined human nature.

The concept of free will is central to many philosophical debates regarding moral responsibility and human agency. However, various forms of determinism propose that all events, including human actions, are causally predetermined.

Critically discuss how soft determinism attempts to reconcile the apparent freedom of human choice with the deterministic nature of the universe. Evaluate the extent to which this reconciliation is successful, addressing potential objections to its coherence.