Senior Secondary (HKDSE) · 中國歷史

兵制與國勢強弱: Practice Questions

5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 5 written questions with worked solutions. All on 兵制與國勢強弱.

10 questions29 marksFree, no account

Question 1

1 mark

唐太宗時期對府兵制進行了整頓與完善，在全國普遍設置「折衝府」。下列關於唐初折衝府地理分布特點的敘述，何者正確？

Question 2

1 mark

明代初年推行衛所制時，設有「軍屯」制度以維持軍隊後勤。朱元璋曾自詡：「吾養兵百萬，不費百姓一粒米。」然而到了明代中後期，軍屯制度徹底瓦解。下列哪項是導致明代軍屯崩潰的最核心制度性內部因素？

Question 3

1 mark

在唐代府兵制全盛時期，軍隊調動與指揮權力受到嚴格制衡。下列關於唐代調兵與統兵機制的描述，何者正確？

Question 4

1 mark

北魏至隋唐初期，府兵制的推行與「均田制」緊密掛鉤；但到了明代，衛所制則建基於「軍戶世襲制」與「屯田制」。就兩者對國家社會階層流動的影響而言，下列哪項比較最為正確？

Question 5

1 mark

安史之亂後，唐朝兵制由府兵制逐漸轉向募兵制，並大量仰賴藩鎮節度使的軍事力量。下列哪項敘述最能反映此轉變對唐朝中央政府造成的即時影響？

Question 6

2 marks

在中國古代，維持兵制的根本目的除了保衛國家安全外，還需顧及哪些內政層面的考量？

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Question 7

4 marks

明代衛所制在建立初期，如何透過軍戶世襲制與屯田制，確保國家在和平時期也能維持一定規模的常備軍，並兼顧生產？

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Question 8

5 marks

分析唐代府兵制中，「兵農合一」的原則是如何在國家需要大量兵源時，既能快速徵集兵力，又能在農閒時進行訓練，實現軍民結合？

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Question 9

5 marks

中國歷史上，徵兵制和募兵制是兩種常見的兵制模式。

a) 試指出徵兵制和募兵制各有何主要特點？(3分)

b) 以唐代府兵制為例，說明其如何體現徵兵制的特點，並簡述其在盛唐初期的成功之處。(2分)

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Question 10

8 marks

中國歷史上，兵制的興革與國勢的盛衰息息相關。唐代的府兵制與明代的衛所制均為以農為本的徵兵制度，初期對國家穩定與擴張貢獻良多，但最終皆因各種內外因素而走向衰敗。

a) 試解釋唐初府兵制如何與均田制相互配合，從而有效維持軍隊的兵源與戰力。（3分）

b) 比較唐代府兵制和明代衛所制在後期瓦解時，各自面對哪些主要的社會經濟挑戰（例如土地兼併、人口流動等），並分析這些挑戰如何導致兵源質素下降、軍費負擔加重，最終損害國家的軍事能力和整體國勢。（5分）

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