Senior Secondary (HKDSE) · Chemistry

Sources: coal, petroleum, natural gas: Practice Questions

5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 3 written questions with worked solutions. All on Sources: coal, petroleum, natural gas.

8 questions12 marksFree, no account
Question 1
1 mark

化石燃料被稱為「不可再生資源」,其主要原因是什麼?

Question 2
1 mark

下表顯示了三種燃料在充足空氣下燃燒的性質:

燃料 X:燃燒後釋出固體微粒及酸性氣體
燃料 Y:燃燒產物主要是二氧化碳及水,幾乎無硫挫化物
燃料 Z:燃燒時只生成水

下列哪項可能是燃料 X、Y 及 Z?

Question 3
1 mark

考慮甲烷(\(\text{CH}_4\))與煤(假設主要由碳組成)作為燃料。在完全燃燒並釋放出等量熱能的前提下,下列關於兩者的比較哪項是正確的?

I. 甲烷排放的二氧化碳質量比煤少。
II. 甲烷產生的水蒸氣質量比煤多。
III. 甲烷含有較多硫雜質,因此對酸雨的影響較大。

Question 4
1 mark

下列哪種物質不屬於化石燃料?

Question 5
1 mark

為減少燃煤發電廠排放二氧化硫(\(SO_2\))以緩解酸雨問題,工廠常安裝煙氣脫硫(FGD)系統。在該系統中,石灰石漿液(主要成分為 \(CaCO_3\))與 \(SO_2\) 反應,隨後通入空氣進行氧化。下列哪些敘述是正確的?

(1) 反應產物經完全氧化後可生成石膏(\(CaSO_4 \cdot 2H_2O\))。
(2) 該脫硫過程會釋放溫室氣體二氧化碳(\(CO_2\))。
(3) 若將燃料由煤更換為天然氣,由於天然氣不含硫,因此完全不需要 FGD 系統。

Question 6
2 marks

隨着石油餾分的碳鏈長度增加,其黏度(viscosity)會如何變化?請從分子間作用力的角度簡要解釋。

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Question 7
3 marks

汽油和潤滑油均為石油分餾的產物。試從這兩種餾分的分子大小和分子間作用力(范德華力)的角度,解釋為何汽油在室溫下比潤滑油更具揮發性。

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Question 8
2 marks

化石燃料是由遠古生物的殘骸在地殼下經過數百萬年形成的。試寫出在該轉化過程中,地底必須具備的兩項主要物理條件。

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