Technological Innovations : Practice Questions

Which of the following best describes the core process of 3D printing technology?

An automotive engineer uses a special tablet application that allows them to see a digital overlay of an engine's internal components while looking at the physical engine. This overlay provides real-time diagnostic information and highlights parts needing maintenance. Which technological innovation is being applied here?

A major advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) has been the development of deep learning, a subset of machine learning. Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes deep learning models and contributes significantly to their success in complex tasks like image recognition and natural language processing, compared to traditional machine learning algorithms?

Which technological innovation is best described as the process of creating three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file, typically by laying down successive layers of material?

In a smart city environment, an integrated system uses sensors to detect parking space availability and immediately updates a mobile application for drivers. This system most likely relies on the integration of which technologies?

What is the primary function of 3D printing technology in manufacturing and design?

While Augmented Reality (AR) overlays digital content onto the real world, what fundamental characteristic distinguishes Virtual Reality (VR) from AR in terms of a user's sensory experience?

Explain how the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems for decision-making, such as in loan applications or hiring processes, can lead to ethical concerns related to bias and fairness.

A smart city initiative aims to improve urban living by integrating various technologies. One such technology involves the use of sensors throughout the city to collect real-time data on traffic flow, air quality, and public transport usage. This vast amount of data is then processed and analysed to identify patterns, predict future trends, and inform decisions for urban planning and resource allocation. For example, traffic lights can be dynamically adjusted based on current congestion, and waste collection routes can be optimised.

a) Identify the technological innovation primarily described in this scenario.

b) Briefly explain how this technology contributes to the "smart" aspect of the city.

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are two significant technological innovations transforming user experiences.

(a) Briefly explain the core difference between Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in terms of how they interact with the user's perception of the real world. (3 marks)

(b) Provide two distinct real-world applications of AR technology, and for each, briefly describe how it enhances an existing task or experience. (4 marks)