Put These Notes into Practice
Reading the notes is a great start. Now practise with unlimited AI-generated questions and get instant feedback. 100,000+ students are already improving their grades.
AP Biology
8 sections available · 54 chapters available
Free AP Biology study notes for AP (Advanced Placement) students. Each chapter below covers a key topic with worked examples and practice prompts you can take into the thinka app.
Unit 1: Chemistry of Life
Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding
Elements of Life
Introduction to Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Unit 2: Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Size and Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
Plasma Membrane
Membrane Permeability
Membrane Transport and Facilitated Diffusion
Tonicity and Osmoregulation
Mechanisms of Transport
Cell Compartmentalization and Its Origins
Unit 3: Cellular Energetics
Enzymes
Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function
Cellular Energy
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
Cell Communication
Introduction to Signal Transduction
Signal Transduction Pathways
Feedback
Cell Cycle
Regulation of Cell Cycle
Unit 5: Heredity
Meiosis
Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
Mendelian Genetics
Non-Mendelian Genetics
Environmental Effects on Phenotype
Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation
DNA and RNA Structure
DNA Replication
Transcription and RNA Processing
Translation
Regulation of Gene Expression
Gene Expression and Cell Specialization
Mutations
Biotechnology
Unit 7: Natural Selection
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Population Genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Evidence of Evolution and Common Ancestry
Continuing Evolution and Variations in Populations
Phylogeny
Speciation
Origins of Life on Earth
Unit 8: Ecology
Responses to the Environment
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
Population Ecology
Effect of Density on Populations
Community Ecology
Biodiversity
Disruptions in Ecosystems
Done reading? Test yourself with AI practice questions
Practise This Topic Now