Diseases and immunity: Practice Questions

• a.Pathogens passing through the air on droplets.
• b.Pathogens passing during sexual contact.
• c.Pathogens passing through the placenta to a fetus.
• d.Pathogens passing through direct blood-to-blood contact.

• a.It provides the infant with the antigens needed to fight future infections.
• b.It introduces weakened pathogens to help the infant develop active immunity.
• c.It stimulates the infant's lymphocytes to produce their own memory cells.
• d.It provides passive immunity by transferring antibodies from the mother.

• a.It causes the secretion of chloride ions \( (Cl^{-}) \) into the small intestine, leading to osmotic water loss from the blood.
• b.It stimulates the kidneys to filter more water out of the blood plasma.
• c.It damages the stomach wall, preventing the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
• d.It prevents the reabsorption of water in the large intestine.

• a.A chemical substance used to treat infections.
• b.A disease-causing organism.
• c.A type of white blood cell that engulfs bacteria.
• d.A protein that binds to specific antigens.

• a.They can only move toward pathogens through diffusion.
• b.They are produced by every cell in the human body.
• c.They have complementary shapes that fit specific antigens.
• d.They are the only proteins found in the blood plasma.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.

Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.