N2 文脈規定: Seven Blanks, Native-Level Word Feel

問題4(7 items)at N2 tests the vocabulary that separates textbook Japanese from native texture: precise adverbs (a hundred of them), body-part idioms (目を通す, 手を抜く…), mimetic words, and abstract する-nouns. Options are near-synonyms; the context defines ONE. This chapter arms the three armies and their partner-word logic.

1. The Adverb Army (Organized for Combat)

Time & suddenness

  • いきなり/突然 sudden without warning ・たちまち in an instant (spreads/sells out) ・一瞬 for a flash ・一気に in one go ・一斉に all at once (many actors) ・次々に one after another
  • とっくに long since (もう×3) ・もはや no longer ・やがて eventually ・いよいよ at long last (climax) ・ようやく finally (after waiting) ・まもなく shortly (formal)
  • あらかじめ in advance (formal) ・いったん once/temporarily ・ひとまず for now ・かつて once, formerly ・依然として still, as before (written)

Degree & evaluation

  • 極めて extremely (formal) ・相当/かなり considerably ・大幅に substantially (numbers!) ・一段と even more ・ますます increasingly ・めっきり noticeably (seasonal change: めっきり寒くなった)
  • ほぼ/おおよそ nearly/roughly ・せいぜい at most ・ぎりぎり just barely ・単に merely ・まさに precisely ・実に truly ・現に in fact (evidence!)
  • Negative-partnered: 必ずしも〜ない (not necessarily), めったに〜ない (rarely), さっぱり〜ない (not at all), 少しも〜ない, ろくに〜ない (not properly)

Attitude & manner

  • あいにく unfortunately (declining!) ・案の定 just as I feared ・案外 unexpectedly ・さすが as expected of ・果たして really…? ・一体 what on earth
  • わざと on purpose ・わざわざ going out of one's way ・思わず involuntarily ・つい couldn't help it ・うっかり carelessly — the intentionality five, forever tested
  • きっぱり flatly (refuse) ・さっさと briskly (get it done) ・せっせと diligently ・着々と steadily (progress) ・くれぐれも earnestly (please) ・あくまでも to the last ・どうしても no matter what ・思い切り with all one's might ・つくづく keenly (feel)

Mimetics (擬態語)

  • States: ぐっすり(sleep) ・ぐったり(exhausted) ・うとうと(dozing) ・ぼんやり(vacant) ・のんびり(leisurely) ・ぎっしり(packed) ・ずらり(in a row) ・たっぷり(plenty)
  • Actions: こっそり(secretly) ・そっと(gently) ・じっと(fixedly) ・のろのろ(sluggishly) ・はきはき(crisply speak) ・にっこり(broad smile) ・ぶつぶつ(muttering) ・ばったり(run into) ・ぴったり(perfect fit) ・生き生き(vividly)

2. The Idiom Army (慣用表現) — Body Parts at Work

IdiomMeaningIdiomMeaning
目を通すlook through (docs)目が回るdizzyingly busy
目に付くcatch the eye気のせいone's imagination
手を抜くcut corners手間がかかるtake time & effort
手に入れるobtain手が足りないshorthanded
口が堅いtight-lipped口を出すbutt in
耳にするhappen to hear耳を傾けるlisten attentively
顔を出すdrop by足を運ぶtake the trouble to visit
気が利くattentive気を遣うconsiderate
気が済むfeel satisfied気が重いdreading
腹が立つ/頭に来るget angry/mad首になるbe fired
腕を磨く/腕が上がるhone / improve skill肩を持つside with
骨が折れるlaborious胸がいっぱいになるovercome with emotion
腰が低いhumble身につけるacquire (skill)
恥をかくbe shamed愚痴をこぼすvent grumbles
迷惑をかけるcause trouble誤解を招くinvite misunderstanding
注目を集めるattract attention影響を与える/受けるexert/receive influence
責任を果たすfulfill dutyキリがないno end to it
相づちを打つnod along息抜きをするtake a breather

These are single vocabulary UNITS — 目を通す is not about eyes. Blanks give one half (資料に目を( ))and options offer verbs; only the idiom's own verb fits (通す). Memorize as whole phrases with one example each.

3. The Abstract-Noun & Katakana Armies

  • Abstract nouns powering options: 傾向 (tendency), 影響, 印象, 状況, 対象, 特徴, 課題, 効果, 方針, 基準, 範囲, 割合 — usually tested with their verbs: 傾向がある, 印象を与える, 対象とする, 効果が上がる.
  • Katakana at N2: クレーム (complaint!), ベテラン, ブーム, ピーク, ペース, ラッシュ, マスコミ, メリット/デメリット, テーマ, ムード, トラブル, オーバー (exaggerated). Note the shifted meanings: クレーム≠claim, オーバー=exaggerated — wasei-eigo remains exam fuel.

4. Worked Examples

その提案書を、会議の前に( )目を通しておいてください。
① ざっと ② ぐっすり ③ きっぱり ④ のろのろ → : skim-read roughly = ざっと目を通す — adverb + idiom collocation, double-checked.

兄は大学を卒業して、( )会社を作った。
① 自ら ② 一斉に ③ めったに ④ 依然として → : founded a company himself. ② needs many actors; ③ needs ない; ④ needs an unchanged state.

準備が足りなくて、会議で( )をかいた。
① 恥 ② 汗 ③ 迷惑 ④ 愚痴 → : 恥をかく is the idiom; 汗をかく exists but the context (poor preparation at a meeting) selects shame. Idiom + context, the N2 signature.

Strategy

  • Polarity and partner-word checks first (ない-endings, idiom halves, collocation verbs) — they eliminate before nuance begins.
  • For adverbs, classify the sentence's need: time? degree? attitude? manner? Then match the flavor, not the translation.
  • 7 items ≈ 5 minutes; the idiom items are instant if learned as units.

Summary & Key Takeaways

  • N2 文脈規定 = adverb precision (a hundred flavors), body-part idioms as vocabulary units, abstract nouns with bound verbs, and shifted-meaning katakana.
  • Adverb clusters to split: いきなり/たちまち/一斉に; とっくに/もはや/いよいよ; わざと/わざわざ/つい/思わず/うっかり; ざっと/さっさと/きっぱり.
  • Idioms answer via their missing half: 目を(通す), 恥を(かく), 腕を(磨く).
  • Negative partners at N2: 必ずしも, めったに, さっぱり, ろくに +ない.
  • Learn everything inside a sentence; the exam is a collocation echo test.

Appendix: N2 High-Frequency Wordlist — Verbs & Nouns

Complete reference wordlist for this level (part 1: verbs & nouns). Work through it in passes of one group per day; every word you already met in the chapters above counts as review.

4.2 する-verbs (~100) — Sino-Japanese nouns + する

  • 悪化(あっか)— worsening
  • 安定(あんてい)— stability
  • 維持(いじ)— maintenance
  • 一致(いっち)— agreement, match
  • 移転(いてん)— relocation
  • 違反(いはん)— violation
  • 印刷(いんさつ)— printing
  • 引退(いんたい)— retirement (from career)
  • 影響(えいきょう)— influence
  • 延期(えんき)— postponement
  • 演説(えんぜつ)— speech, address
  • 遠慮(えんりょ)— reserve, holding back
  • 応援(おうえん)— support, cheering
  • 応対(おうたい)— receiving (visitors/calls)
  • 往復(おうふく)— round trip
  • 応募(おうぼ)— application (for)
  • 汚染(おせん)— pollution
  • 開催(かいさい)— holding (an event)
  • 解決(かいけつ)— solution
  • 解散(かいさん)— breakup, dissolution
  • 回復(かいふく)— recovery
  • 拡大(かくだい)— expansion
  • 拡張(かくちょう)— extension
  • 確認(かくにん)— confirmation
  • 加工(かこう)— processing
  • 活躍(かつやく)— playing an active role
  • 我慢(がまん)— endurance, patience
  • 換気(かんき)— ventilation
  • 観察(かんさつ)— observation
  • 感心(かんしん)— admiration
  • 乾燥(かんそう)— drying, dryness
  • 勘違い(かんちがい)— misunderstanding
  • 看病(かんびょう)— nursing (a sick person)
  • 記入(きにゅう)— filling in (a form)
  • 記録(きろく)— record
  • 休憩(きゅうけい)— break, rest
  • 吸収(きゅうしゅう)— absorption
  • 強調(きょうちょう)— emphasis
  • 協力(きょうりょく)— cooperation
  • 許可(きょか)— permission
  • 禁止(きんし)— prohibition
  • 緊張(きんちょう)— tension, nervousness
  • 苦労(くろう)— hardship
  • 訓練(くんれん)— training, drill
  • 経営(けいえい)— management
  • 契約(けいやく)— contract
  • 検討(けんとう)— examination, consideration
  • 撮影(さつえい)— photographing, filming
  • 刺激(しげき)— stimulus
  • 指示(しじ)— instruction
  • 持参(じさん)— bringing along
  • 実施(じっし)— implementation
  • 実行(じっこう)— execution, carrying out
  • 失望(しつぼう)— disappointment
  • 指定(してい)— designation
  • 指導(しどう)— guidance, coaching
  • 縮小(しゅくしょう)— reduction
  • 主張(しゅちょう)— assertion, claim
  • 出張(しゅっちょう)— business trip
  • 承知(しょうち)— consent; knowing
  • 消費(しょうひ)— consumption
  • 証明(しょうめい)— proof
  • 省略(しょうりゃく)— omission
  • 制限(せいげん)— restriction
  • 整理(せいり)— sorting, organizing
  • 製造(せいぞう)— manufacturing
  • 節約(せつやく)— economizing
  • 宣伝(せんでん)— advertising
  • 増加(ぞうか)— increase
  • 想像(そうぞう)— imagination
  • 測定(そくてい)— measurement
  • 尊敬(そんけい)— respect
  • 尊重(そんちょう)— respect, esteem (opinions)
  • 対応(たいおう)— response, handling
  • 逮捕(たいほ)— arrest
  • 妥協(だきょう)— compromise
  • 達成(たっせい)— achievement
  • 担当(たんとう)— being in charge
  • 注目(ちゅうもく)— attention
  • 通勤(つうきん)— commuting
  • 提案(ていあん)— proposal
  • 提出(ていしゅつ)— submission
  • 徹底(てってい)— thoroughness
  • 徹夜(てつや)— staying up all night
  • 展開(てんかい)— development, unfolding
  • 統一(とういつ)— unification
  • 登録(とうろく)— registration
  • 独立(どくりつ)— independence
  • 納得(なっとく)— being convinced
  • 発揮(はっき)— demonstration (of ability)
  • 発見(はっけん)— discovery
  • 発達(はったつ)— development (growth)
  • 発展(はってん)— development (expansion)
  • 判断(はんだん)— judgment
  • 反省(はんせい)— self-reflection
  • 比較(ひかく)— comparison
  • 否定(ひてい)— denial
  • 批判(ひはん)— criticism
  • 評価(ひょうか)— evaluation
  • 普及(ふきゅう)— diffusion, spread
  • 負担(ふたん)— burden
  • 分析(ぶんせき)— analysis
  • 分類(ぶんるい)— classification
  • 変更(へんこう)— change, alteration
  • 保存(ほぞん)— preservation, saving
  • 募集(ぼしゅう)— recruitment
  • 保証(ほしょう)— guarantee
  • 翻訳(ほんやく)— translation
  • 矛盾(むじゅん)— contradiction
  • 命令(めいれい)— order, command
  • 面接(めんせつ)— interview
  • 輸出(ゆしゅつ)— export
  • 輸入(ゆにゅう)— import
  • 予測(よそく)— forecast
  • 要求(ようきゅう)— demand
  • 流行(りゅうこう)— fashion, trend
  • 録音(ろくおん)— audio recording

4.3 Verbs (和語, ~120)

  • 飽きる(あきる)— get tired of
  • 焦る(あせる)— be impatient, panic
  • 預ける(あずける)— deposit, entrust
  • 与える(あたえる)— give, provide
  • 扱う(あつかう)— handle, deal with
  • 暴れる(あばれる)— act violently
  • 溢れる(あふれる)— overflow
  • 甘やかす(あまやかす)— spoil (a child)
  • 編む(あむ)— knit
  • 争う(あらそう)— compete, dispute
  • 慌てる(あわてる)— panic, be flustered
  • 威張る(いばる)— be arrogant
  • 祝う(いわう)— celebrate
  • 受け入れる(うけいれる)— accept
  • 受け持つ(うけもつ)— take charge of
  • 承る(うけたまわる)— humbly hear/receive
  • 疑う(うたがう)— doubt, suspect
  • 訴える(うったえる)— sue; appeal
  • 裏切る(うらぎる)— betray
  • 羨む(うらやむ)— envy
  • 売り切れる(うりきれる)— sell out
  • 追い越す(おいこす)— overtake
  • 追いつく(おいつく)— catch up
  • 補う(おぎなう)— supplement, make up for
  • 抑える(おさえる)— suppress, hold down
  • 納める/収める(おさめる)— pay; put away; obtain
  • 恐れる(おそれる)— fear
  • 教わる(おそわる)— be taught
  • 劣る(おとる)— be inferior
  • 衰える(おとろえる)— decline, weaken
  • 溺れる(おぼれる)— drown
  • 抱える(かかえる)— hold in arms; have (problems)
  • 輝く(かがやく)— shine, sparkle
  • 囲む(かこむ)— surround
  • 重ねる(かさねる)— pile up; repeat
  • 稼ぐ(かせぐ)— earn (money)
  • 偏る(かたよる)— be biased, lean
  • 刻む(きざむ)— carve; mince
  • 崩れる(くずれる)— collapse, crumble
  • 悔やむ(くやむ)— regret
  • 暮れる(くれる)— get dark; (year) ends
  • 加える(くわえる)— add
  • 超える/越える(こえる)— exceed; cross
  • 焦げる(こげる)— get scorched
  • 凍える(こごえる)— be frozen (body)
  • 心得る(こころえる)— know, have knowledge of
  • 好む(このむ)— like, prefer
  • 堪える(こらえる)— endure, hold back
  • 避ける(さける)— avoid
  • 支える(ささえる)— support
  • 定める(さだめる)— establish, stipulate
  • 錆びる(さびる)— rust
  • 覚める/覚ます(さめる/さます)— wake up
  • 妨げる(さまたげる)— hinder, obstruct
  • 沈む(しずむ)— sink
  • 従う(したがう)— follow, obey
  • しびれる — go numb
  • 絞る(しぼる)— squeeze; narrow down
  • 救う(すくう)— rescue, save
  • 優れる(すぐれる)— excel, be superior
  • 済ませる(すませる)— finish, settle
  • 接する(せっする)— come in contact with
  • 属する(ぞくする)— belong to
  • 備える(そなえる)— prepare for, equip
  • 揃う/揃える(そろう/そろえる)— be complete; make uniform
  • 耐える(たえる)— endure, withstand
  • 助かる(たすかる)— be saved; be a help
  • 畳む(たたむ)— fold
  • 経つ(たつ)— (time) passes
  • 例える(たとえる)— liken, compare
  • 騙す(だます)— deceive
  • 黙る(だまる)— fall silent
  • 頼る(たよる)— rely on
  • 蓄える(たくわえる)— store up, save
  • 散らかす(ちらかす)— scatter, make a mess
  • 突き当たる(つきあたる)— run into; reach the end
  • 就く(つく)— take (a post/job)
  • 告げる(つげる)— tell, announce
  • 伝わる(つたわる)— be transmitted, spread
  • 包む(つつむ)— wrap
  • 勤める/務める/努める(つとめる)— work at / serve as / strive
  • 詰まる(つまる)— be clogged, packed
  • 積む(つむ)— pile up, load; accumulate
  • 釣る(つる)— fish; lure
  • 問う(とう)— question, ask
  • 通り掛かる(とおりかかる)— happen to pass by
  • 溶け込む(とけこむ)— blend in, fit in
  • 整う/整える(ととのう/ととのえる)— be in order / arrange
  • 伴う(ともなう)— accompany, entail
  • 眺める(ながめる)— gaze at
  • 慰める(なぐさめる)— console
  • 握る(にぎる)— grasp, grip
  • 憎む(にくむ)— hate
  • 濁る(にごる)— become muddy/cloudy
  • 逃す(のがす)— miss (a chance)
  • 除く(のぞく)— exclude, remove
  • 望む(のぞむ)— hope for, desire
  • 生える(はえる)— grow (hair, plants)
  • 測る/量る(はかる)— measure / weigh
  • 図る(はかる)— attempt, plan
  • 掃く(はく)— sweep
  • 励ます(はげます)— encourage
  • 挟む(はさむ)— insert between, pinch
  • 果たす(はたす)— fulfill, accomplish
  • 離す/離れる(はなす/はなれる)— separate / leave
  • 省く(はぶく)— omit, cut out
  • 引き受ける(ひきうける)— undertake, take on
  • 引き返す(ひきかえす)— turn back
  • 引き止める(ひきとめる)— detain, dissuade
  • 響く(ひびく)— resound, echo
  • 拾う(ひろう)— pick up
  • 深まる(ふかまる)— deepen
  • 含む/含める(ふくむ/ふくめる)— include
  • 防ぐ(ふせぐ)— prevent, protect against
  • 振り向く(ふりむく)— turn around
  • 触れる(ふれる)— touch; mention
  • 経る(へる)— pass through (time/stages)
  • 微笑む(ほほえむ)— smile
  • 掘る(ほる)— dig
  • 任せる(まかせる)— entrust, leave to
  • 混ざる/混ぜる(まざる/まぜる)— be mixed / mix
  • 招く(まねく)— invite; bring about
  • 磨く(みがく)— polish, brush
  • 見送る(みおくる)— see off; pass over
  • 見直す(みなおす)— review, re-evaluate
  • 実る(みのる)— ripen, bear fruit
  • 恵まれる(めぐまれる)— be blessed with
  • 目指す(めざす)— aim at
  • 面する(めんする)— face (onto)
  • 儲かる(もうかる)— be profitable
  • 潜る(もぐる)— dive, go under
  • 基づく(もとづく)— be based on
  • 求める(もとめる)— seek, request
  • 漏れる(もれる)— leak; be left out
  • 役立つ(やくだつ)— be useful
  • 雇う(やとう)— hire
  • 破る/破れる(やぶる/やぶれる)— tear; break; be defeated
  • 譲る(ゆずる)— yield, hand over
  • 茹でる(ゆでる)— boil (food)
  • 汚す(よごす)— make dirty
  • 呼び掛ける(よびかける)— call out to, appeal
  • 略す(りゃくす)— abbreviate
  • 詫びる(わびる)— apologize
  • 湧く(わく)— well up, gush

4.6 Nouns — work & business (~35)

  • 打ち合わせ(うちあわせ)— (planning) meeting
  • 締め切り(しめきり)— deadline
  • 残業(ざんぎょう)— overtime
  • 出世(しゅっせ)— career success, promotion
  • 人事(じんじ)— personnel (affairs)
  • 求人(きゅうじん)— job opening
  • 履歴書(りれきしょ)— resume, CV
  • 賃金(ちんぎん)— wages
  • 手当(てあて)— allowance; treatment
  • 休暇(きゅうか)— leave, vacation
  • 取引(とりひき)— transaction, dealings
  • 見積もり(みつもり)— estimate, quote
  • 書類(しょるい)— documents
  • 名刺(めいし)— business card
  • 上司(じょうし)— boss
  • 部下(ぶか)— subordinate
  • 同僚(どうりょう)— colleague
  • 職場(しょくば)— workplace
  • 役割(やくわり)— role
  • 責任(せきにん)— responsibility
  • 依頼(いらい)— request, commission
  • 苦情(くじょう)— complaint
  • 手続き(てつづき)— procedure
  • 作業(さぎょう)— work, operation
  • 能率(のうりつ)— efficiency (work rate)
  • 効率(こうりつ)— efficiency
  • 業績(ぎょうせき)— (business) results
  • 経費(けいひ)— expenses
  • 定年(ていねん)— mandatory retirement age
  • 転勤(てんきん)— job transfer
  • 出勤(しゅっきん)— going to work
  • 応接(おうせつ)— reception (of guests)
  • 得意先(とくいさき)— customer, client
  • 昇進(しょうしん)— promotion
  • 就職活動(しゅうしょくかつどう)— job hunting

4.7 Nouns — economy, society, institutions (~30)

  • 景気(けいき)— business conditions, economy
  • 不況(ふきょう)— recession
  • 物価(ぶっか)— (consumer) prices
  • 予算(よさん)— budget
  • 利益(りえき)— profit
  • 損害(そんがい)— damage, loss
  • 赤字(あかじ)— deficit
  • 黒字(くろじ)— surplus
  • 家賃(やちん)— rent
  • 借金(しゃっきん)— debt
  • 保険(ほけん)— insurance
  • 年金(ねんきん)— pension
  • 税金(ぜいきん)— tax
  • 値上げ(ねあげ)— price increase
  • 割引(わりびき)— discount
  • 合計(ごうけい)— total
  • 平均(へいきん)— average
  • 割合(わりあい)— ratio, proportion
  • 統計(とうけい)— statistics
  • 制度(せいど)— system, institution
  • 政策(せいさく)— policy
  • 選挙(せんきょ)— election
  • 犯罪(はんざい)— crime
  • 事件(じけん)— incident, case
  • 被害(ひがい)— damage, harm
  • 災害(さいがい)— disaster
  • 避難(ひなん)— evacuation
  • 世間(せけん)— society, the public
  • 世代(せだい)— generation
  • 高齢者(こうれいしゃ)— the elderly

4.8 Nouns — abstract concepts (~50; core of 読解)

  • 印象(いんしょう)— impression
  • 意義(いぎ)— significance
  • 意図(いと)— intention
  • 過程(かてい)— process
  • 課題(かだい)— task, issue
  • 基準(きじゅん)— standard, criterion
  • 傾向(けいこう)— tendency
  • 現状(げんじょう)— current state
  • 根拠(こんきょ)— grounds, basis
  • 事情(じじょう)— circumstances
  • 姿勢(しせい)— posture; attitude
  • 手段(しゅだん)— means
  • 状況(じょうきょう)— situation
  • 仕組み(しくみ)— mechanism, structure
  • 対策(たいさく)— countermeasure
  • 対象(たいしょう)— target, subject
  • 立場(たちば)— standpoint
  • 中身(なかみ)— contents
  • 特徴(とくちょう)— feature, characteristic
  • 特色(とくしょく)— distinctive quality
  • 方針(ほうしん)— policy, course
  • 目安(めやす)— rough standard, guide
  • 要素(ようそ)— element
  • 要因(よういん)— (main) factor
  • 理屈(りくつ)— logic; (mere) theory
  • 論理(ろんり)— logic
  • 範囲(はんい)— scope, range
  • 余裕(よゆう)— leeway, room
  • 行方(ゆくえ)— whereabouts
  • 本音(ほんね)— true feelings
  • 建前(たてまえ)— official stance
  • 愚痴(ぐち)— grumble, gripe
  • 意地(いじ)— stubbornness; pride
  • 誇り(ほこり)— pride
  • 恥(はじ)— shame
  • 覚悟(かくご)— resolve, readiness
  • 勘(かん)— intuition
  • 癖(くせ)— habit
  • 礼儀(れいぎ)— manners, courtesy
  • 常識(じょうしき)— common sense
  • 知恵(ちえ)— wisdom
  • 工夫(くふう)— ingenuity, devising
  • 誤解(ごかい)— misunderstanding
  • 疑問(ぎもん)— doubt, question
  • 議論(ぎろん)— argument, debate
  • 結論(けつろん)— conclusion
  • 見本(みほん)— sample, model
  • 合図(あいず)— signal
  • 動機(どうき)— motive
  • 欠点(けってん)— shortcoming

4.9 Nouns — daily life, health, people (~40)

  • 症状(しょうじょう)— symptoms
  • 診察(しんさつ)— medical examination
  • 手術(しゅじゅつ)— surgery
  • 怪我(けが)— injury
  • 疲労(ひろう)— fatigue
  • 栄養(えいよう)— nutrition
  • 食欲(しょくよく)— appetite
  • 血圧(けつあつ)— blood pressure
  • 呼吸(こきゅう)— breathing
  • 睡眠(すいみん)— sleep
  • 湿気(しっけ)— humidity, moisture
  • 日常(にちじょう)— everyday life
  • 日課(にっか)— daily routine
  • 家事(かじ)— housework
  • 献立(こんだて)— menu
  • 停電(ていでん)— power outage
  • 渋滞(じゅうたい)— traffic jam
  • 満員(まんいん)— full (of people)
  • 定期券(ていきけん)— commuter pass
  • 行列(ぎょうれつ)— queue, line
  • 迷惑(めいわく)— nuisance
  • 騒音(そうおん)— noise (pollution)
  • 物音(ものおと)— (unidentified) sound
  • 日陰(ひかげ)— shade
  • 夜明け(よあけ)— dawn
  • 知り合い(しりあい)— acquaintance
  • 仲間(なかま)— companion, fellow
  • 仲(なか)— relationship (between people)
  • 相手(あいて)— partner, opponent
  • 夫婦(ふうふ)— married couple
  • 若者(わかもの)— young people
  • 人込み(ひとごみ)— crowd
  • 個人(こじん)— individual
  • 集団(しゅうだん)— group
  • 人間関係(にんげんかんけい)— human relations
  • 近所付き合い(きんじょづきあい)— neighborhood socializing
  • お世辞(おせじ)— flattery
  • 悪口(わるくち)— speaking ill of
  • 噂(うわさ)— rumor
  • 挨拶回り(あいさつまわり)— courtesy calls