Question 1
1 markWhich of the following statements best describes a chemical system in a state of dynamic equilibrium?
Pearson Edexcel International A Level · Chemistry (YCH11)
Introduction to Kinetics and Equilibria: Practice Questions
5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 5 written questions with worked solutions. All on Introduction to Kinetics and Equilibria.
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Question 2
1 markIn the industrial production of methanol, the following equilibrium is established:
\(CO(g) + 2H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons CH_3OH(g)\) \(\Delta H < 0\)
Industrial conditions often involve high pressures and a copper-based catalyst. Why is a pressure of about \(50-100\text{ atm}\) used rather than atmospheric pressure?
Question 3
1 markThe reaction between hydrogen and iodine is represented by:
\(H_2(g) + I_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2HI(g)\) \(\Delta H = -9.4\text{ kJ mol}^{-1}\)
A sealed container at equilibrium is compressed to half its original volume at constant temperature. Which of the following is true for the new equilibrium state?
Question 4
1 markIn terms of collision theory, what is the activation energy (\(E_a\)) of a chemical reaction?
Question 5
1 markConsider the reaction of nitrogen dioxide to form dinitrogen tetroxide:
\(2NO_2(g) \rightleftharpoons N_2O_4(g)\) \(\Delta H = -57.2\text{ kJ mol}^{-1}\)
A sample of this gas mixture is held in a sealed container at equilibrium. If the temperature of the system is increased while keeping the volume constant, which of the following describes the changes to the system?
Question 6
2 marksState two essential conditions for a chemical system to exist in a state of dynamic equilibrium.
Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.
Question 7
4 marksThe production of sulfur trioxide is represented by the equation:
\(2SO_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2SO_3(g)\) \(\Delta H = -197 \text{ kJ mol}^{-1}\)
Predict and justify the effect of increasing the pressure on the equilibrium yield of \(SO_3\).
Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.
Question 8
5 marksOn a reaction profile diagram for an exothermic reaction, describe how the curve changes when a heterogeneous catalyst is introduced, and explain this change in terms of the activation energy \(E_a\).
Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.
Question 9
4 marks(a) Define the term activation energy, \(E_a\).
(b) Use the collision theory to explain how an increase in the concentration of a reactant affects the rate of a chemical reaction.
Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.
Question 10
5 marksThe distribution of molecular energies in a gas at a temperature \(T_1\) is shown by a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve.
(a) Describe the changes to the shape of this curve when the temperature is increased to \(T_2\).
(b) Explain, by referring to the area under the curve, why a small increase in temperature leads to a large increase in the rate of reaction.
Write your answer out first, then check it against the worked solution.
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