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Chemistry (9813)
11 sections available · 27 chapters available
Free Chemistry (9813) study notes for GCE A-Level - Higher 3 (H3) students. Each chapter covers a key topic with examples and practice prompts you can continue inside the thinka app.
Basic Principles of Spectroscopy
Electromagnetic spectrum
Quantisation of energy
Energy level transitions
Molecular Stereochemistry
Stereochemical projection (including Newman projections)
Conformational isomerism: energy barriers to rotation and interconversion
Cis-trans isomerism, including E, Z nomenclature
Enantiomerism and diastereomerism: R, S configuration, optical activity and optical purity
Stereoisomerism in transition element complexes: cis-trans and enantiomerism in square planar and octahedral complexes
Ultraviolet/visible Spectroscopy
Chromophores
Molar absorptivity and the Beer–Lambert law
Spectroscopic Techniques
Basic Principles of Spectroscopy: molecular orbital theory, the electromagnetic spectrum, quantisation of energy, energy level transitions
Ultraviolet/visible Spectroscopy: electronic transitions, chromophores, molar absorptivity and the Beer-Lambert law
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: molecular vibrations and characteristic IR absorptions
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: nuclear spin, chemical shift, peak area and proton counting, spin-spin splitting
Mass Spectrometry: ionisation, fragmentation and interpretation of spectra
Further Organic Mechanisms
The Hammond postulate: relationship between the transition state and the nearest stable species
Nucleophilic substitution mechanism: nature of nucleophiles and leaving group, SN1, SN2
Nucleophilic substitution kinetics: energy profile, rate law, orders of reaction, rate constants, stereochemistry, substituent effects
Competition between SN1 and SN2
Elimination mechanism: syn- and anti-elimination, stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, E1, E2
Elimination kinetics: energy profile, rate law, regioselectivity
E2/SN2 competition: substrate effects, base effects
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
Characteristic IR absorptions
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Chemical shift: δ scale, internal reference, electronegativity effects, anisotropic effects, hydrogen bonding
Calculation of peak area and proton counting
Spin-spin splitting
Mass Spectrometry
Interpretation of spectra: molecular ion peak, isotopic abundance, fragment ions
Basic Physical Organic Chemistry
Nucleophilic Substitution
Elimination
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