Kinetic particle model of matter: Practice Questions

What occurs at absolute zero, which is equivalent to \( -273°\text{C} \), according to the kinetic particle model?

Based on the kinetic particle model, which statement best compares the separation and forces between particles in a liquid versus a gas?

A fixed mass of gas is held in a cylinder at a pressure of \(1.2 \times 10^5\text{ Pa}\) and a volume of \(60\text{ cm}^3\). If the piston is moved slowly to change the volume to \(24\text{ cm}^3\) at a constant temperature, what is the new pressure of the gas?

Under a microscope, smoke particles suspended in air are observed to move in a random, zig-zag fashion. According to the kinetic particle model of matter, what is the cause of this motion?

In a Brownian motion experiment, smoke particles are observed through a microscope. What is the primary reason for the random, jerky motion of these microscopic smoke particles?

State the temperature of absolute zero in degrees Celsius and explain, in terms of kinetic energy, why it is considered the lowest possible temperature for any substance.

A rigid cylinder contains a fixed mass of neon gas at a temperature of \(27^\circ\text{C}\). The gas is heated until the average kinetic energy of its particles is exactly doubled.

Determine the final temperature of the gas in degrees Celsius (\(^\circ\text{C}\)).

A sample of nitrogen gas is stored in a rigid metal cylinder of constant volume. The initial pressure of the gas is \( 2.0 \times 10^5\text{ Pa} \) at a temperature of \( 20^\circ\text{C} \).

Explain, in terms of the kinetic particle model, why the pressure increases when the cylinder is heated to \( 80^\circ\text{C} \).

A student uses a syringe to investigate the properties of a fixed mass of air trapped inside. The initial volume of the air is \(60\text{ cm}^3\) and the pressure is \(1.0 \times 10^5\text{ Pa}\). The initial temperature of the air is \(20^\circ\text{C}\).

(a) Calculate the pressure of the air if the piston is pushed in so the volume is reduced to \(15\text{ cm}^3\). Assume the temperature remains constant during this process.

(b) The gas is then heated from \(20^\circ\text{C}\) to \(80^\circ\text{C}\). Convert both temperatures to the Kelvin scale.

(c) Using the kinetic particle model, explain why the pressure of the gas increases when its temperature is raised while the volume is kept constant. Refer to particle motion and collisions in your answer.

A sealed cylinder contains a fixed mass of gas at an initial pressure of \( 1.2 \times 10^5\text{ Pa} \) and a volume of \( 0.0040\text{ m}^3 \).

(a) Using the kinetic particle model, explain how the gas particles exert pressure on the walls of the cylinder. Your answer should refer to momentum and force.
(b) The piston is pushed in slowly, reducing the volume to \( 0.0016\text{ m}^3 \) while the temperature remains constant. Calculate the final pressure of the gas.
(c) The gas is then heated at this new constant volume. Describe and explain the effect of this heating on the gas pressure in terms of the average kinetic energy and collisions of the particles.