Cells: Practice Questions

What is the primary function of mitochondria in a typical animal cell?

Specialised cells are adapted for specific functions. Which row correctly matches a specialised cell with its primary role in an organism?

A phagocyte is a specialised white blood cell responsible for defending the body against pathogens by engulfing and destroying them. This critical process demands a high supply of energy and involves intricate coordination of various cellular components.

Which statement accurately describes the structural adaptations and cellular processes that enable a phagocyte to function effectively?

Which structure provides a partially permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of an animal cell?

A student uses a microscope to view a plant cell. The image width of the cell is measured as \( 45 \, \text{mm} \). If the actual width of the cell is \( 0.09 \, \text{mm} \), what is the magnification of the image?

State the primary function of the mitochondria within a eukaryotic plant or animal cell.

State two structural differences between a typical plant cell and an animal cell. For each difference, briefly explain its significance to the plant cell.

A student observes a root hair cell under a microscope. The image length of the root hair extension is measured to be \( 4.5 \, \text{cm} \), while its actual length is known to be \( 300 \, \mu\text{m} \). Calculate the magnification of the microscope image, showing the necessary unit conversions.

Biological organisms are organized into different levels of complexity, from individual cell structures to whole organisms.

(a) Describe the meaning of the term organ and provide one example of an organ found in the human digestive system.
(b) Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria. State the function of this organelle.
(c) A student observes a circular DNA molecule and plasmids within a cell. Identify the type of cell being observed.

A student uses a microscope to study a sample of bacteria and compares them to human cheek cells.

(a) The actual length of a bacterial cell is observed to be \( 0.004 \, \text{mm} \). If the image of the cell produced by the microscope is \( 20 \, \text{mm} \) long, calculate the magnification used. Show your working.
(b) Describe two structural features present in a bacterial cell that are absent in a typical animal cell.
(c) In the hierarchy of biological organization, define the term tissue and provide one example found in the human body.