下列哪種材料通常以其優異的導電性和延展性而聞名,使其適合用於電線?
Senior Secondary (HKDSE) · Design and Applied Technology
Materials, components and systems: Practice Questions
5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 5 written questions with worked solutions. All on Materials, components and systems.
在電子電路中,二極管(Diode)的主要功能是什麼?
一根直徑為 \(10\ \text{mm}\) 的圓形截面鋼索用於吊起一個重 \(1570\ \text{N}\) 的結構件。已知該鋼材的屈服強度(Yield Strength)為 \(400\ \text{MPa}\),求該設計的安全係數(Factor of Safety)。(取 \(\pi \approx 3.14\))
以下哪一類材料通常具有高強度和剛性,但普遍抗衝擊性較差,且多數不導電?
材料在受力產生變形後,當外力移除時能完全恢復其原始形狀及尺寸的性質稱為:
在電子電路中,電容器(Capacitor)的主要功能是什麼?
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碳纖維增強聚合物 (CFRP) 和鋁合金 (Aluminum Alloy) 皆常用於輕量化結構,例如無人機框架。若設計目標是要求極高的強度重量比(Specific Strength),請指出這兩種材料中通常哪一種表現更佳,並解釋原因。
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形狀記憶合金 (Shape Memory Alloy, SMA) 的「形狀記憶效應」是如何在溫度變化下實現的?請簡述其基本原理。
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在產品設計過程中,選擇合適的材料與元件是基礎且關鍵的一步。請根據你對「材料、元件及系統」的認識,回答以下問題:
(a) 試列舉出兩類在日常產品設計中常用的工程材料(例如:塑膠、金屬等)。(2分)
(b) 若工程師形容某種金屬材料具有高「延展性 (Ductility)」,這代表該材料具備什麼物理特性?這種特性對於金屬成形工序(如抽絲)有何重要性?(1分)
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一家生產便攜式智能裝置的科技公司正在為其新產品設計一個輕巧而耐用的外殼。
(a) 除了輕巧和耐用外,請列出兩種此類外殼材料必須具備的關鍵功能性質,並簡述每種性質為何對智能裝置的操作至關重要。
(b) 考慮聚碳酸酯 (Polycarbonate, PC) 和鎂合金 (Magnesium Alloy) 兩種常用材料。請基於在 (a) 部提及的性質,比較這兩種材料的適用性,並建議哪一種材料更適合此應用。解釋你的選擇。
(c) 在選擇外殼材料時,除了功能性質,請簡述一種對環境影響的考量。
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