English Language

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Junior Secondary の学習者向けの無料English Language学習ノート。各章のリンクから、要点・例題・練習問題への導線にアクセスできます。

Vocabulary - S1 Topics

Myself and My Family
School Life
Hobbies and Free Time
The Environment
Celebrations and Festivals

Vocabulary - S2 Topics

My Neighborhood and Places Around Me
Sports and Health
Technology and Media
Cultural Festivals
Future Plans and Careers

Vocabulary - S3 Topics

Social Issues (e.g., Pollution, Poverty)
Global Challenges
Personal Experiences and Reflections
Media and Communication
Dream Jobs and Aspirations

Nouns and noun clauses

Countable and uncountable nouns
Compound nouns
Noun clauses

Pronouns

Subject and object pronouns
Possessive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Each other and one another

Determiners

Articles
Possessive adjectives and possessive -s
Demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns

Amounts

Expressing indefinite amounts
Expressing a certain amount of something
Expressing definite amounts
Talking about an adequate amount
Either, either … or, neither, neither … nor
Containers and quantities
Comparing amounts
Summary of quantifiers

Agreement

Subject-verb agreement
Singular verbs
Plural verbs
Either singular or plural verbs
Collective nouns
Other special cases

The present

Simple present
Present continuous
Present perfect
Present perfect continuous

The past

Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Past perfect continuous versus past perfect

The future

Will and shall
Be going to
Present tenses
Will/shall, be going to and present tenses
Future continuous
Future perfect
Future perfect continuous

Adjectives

Participial adjectives
The position of adjectives
Connecting multiple adjectives
The order of adjectives before nouns
Adjective patterns

Adverbs

Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of place and direction
Adverbs of degree
Sentence adverbs

Making comparison

Comparing two people/things: expressions
Comparing two people/things: comparatives
Comparing more than two people/things: superlatives
Comparative and superlative forms
Comparative expressions that show change

Modal verbs

Talking about ability
Talking about necessity and obligation
Talking about prohibition
Talking about possibility and probability
Making requests and asking for permission
Giving advice and making suggestions
Making offers and invitations

The passive voice

Active voice versus passive voice
Modal verbs
Verbs not used in the passive voice
Using the passive voice with that-clauses

Infinitives and gerunds

Infinitives
To-infinitives
Bare infinitives
Gerunds
Verbs used with either gerunds or to-infinitives

Reported speech

Direct and reported speech
Changing direct speech into reported speech
Reporting statements
Reporting questions and answers
Reporting requests, commands and advice
Reporting exclamations
Mixed sentence types

Question tags

Forming question tag
Tenses in question tags
Pronouns in question tags
Imperatives, requests and suggestions
Intonation

Conditionals

The zero conditional
The first conditional
The second conditional
The third conditional
Other conditional expressions

Linking words

Linking words/phrases
Adding information and providing examples
Talking about time
Talking about contrast
Talking about reasons and results
Talking about purposes

Relative clauses

Defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses
Relative clauses without relative pronouns
Prepositions before relative pronouns

Participles

Forming participles
Using participles as adjectives
Using participle phrases to express time relations
Using participle phrases to give reasons
Using participles in relative clauses

Phrasal verbs

Literal and idiomatic phrasal verbs
Transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs
Separable and inseparable phrasal verbs

Inversion

Inversion in questions
Inversion after so, neither and nor
Inversion after as, than and so
Inversion in exclamations
Inversion with may
Inversion after negative adverbs and adverbial expressions
Inversion after only and not only
Inversion after adverbial phrases of place or direction
Inversion after direct speech
Inverted conditional sentences

The subjunctive

The present subjunctive
The present subjunctive in that-clauses
The present subjunctive in exclamations and fixed expressions
Alternatives to the present subjunctive
The past subjunctive
The past subjunctive after wish + subject
The past subjunctive after fixed expressions
The past subjunctive in reported speech

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