Biology 試験対策

電卓プログラム

?→I:?→A:I÷A

?→L:6÷L

よくあるミス

1. 1high影響する配点: 1Essential life processes in plants

   Stating that 'starch' is translocated through the phloem instead of 'sucrose'.

   回避方法: Always specify that starch must be converted to soluble sucrose for translocation through phloem sieve tubes. Starch is insoluble and used only for storage.
2. 2high影響する配点: 2Microbiology

   Writing generic descriptions for aseptic techniques, such as 'keep clean' or 'disinfect'.

   回避方法: Use specific procedures: 'work near a Bunsen burner flame to create an upward air current' or 'open the agar plate lid slightly' or 'flame the inoculating loop'.
3. 3medium影響する配点: 2Essential life processes in plants

   Forgetting to shield plant/algae experimental setups from light (e.g., wrapping with aluminium foil) during respiration tests.

   回避方法: Always wrap the respiration test container in aluminium foil or keep it in complete darkness to block light, preventing unwanted photosynthesis which would mask true respiration rate.
4. 4high影響する配点: 1Regulation of water content (osmoregulation)

   Omitting the mechanical driving force (hydrostatic pressure) when describing ultrafiltration in the Bowman's capsule.

   回避方法: Specify that ultrafiltration is driven by high hydrostatic pressure generated because the diameter of the afferent arteriole is larger than that of the efferent arteriole.
5. 5high影響する配点: 1Basic genetics

   Failing to specify that the Y-chromosome carries no allele for the target trait when solving sex-linked pedigree problems.

   回避方法: In your written explanation, explicitly state: 'Since the gene is located on the X-chromosome and the Y-chromosome carries no corresponding allele...' to secure full marking points.
6. 6medium影響する配点: 4Molecular genetics

   Selecting the incorrect strain (e.g., Strain Q) in genetic mutation questions because candidates fail to identify stop codons (e.g., TGA in DNA becomes UGA in mRNA).

   回避方法: Carefully convert the mutated DNA sequence to its mRNA codon using the complementary base pairing rules, and check if it codes for a 'STOP' codon, which prematurely truncates the polypeptide.
7. 7high影響する配点: 2Essential life processes in animals

   Using blood pressure and water potential interchangeably when explaining tissue fluid accumulation.

   回避方法: Distinguish their physical roles: high hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end forces fluid out; low water potential (due to plasma proteins) at the venous end draws water back in by osmosis.
8. 8medium影響する配点: 2Reproduction, growth and development

   Failing to state that crops produced by vegetative propagation / asexual reproduction are genetically identical because they are formed via mitosis.

   回避方法: Always link asexual reproduction directly to mitosis, which leads to genetically identical offspring that lack genetic variation, making the entire population highly vulnerable to environmental change or disease.