Carbonyl compounds, fats and oils: แบบฝึกหัด

A student reacts ethene with bromine water to test for unsaturation. What is the organic product formed in this addition reaction?

State the reagent and conditions required to convert ethene into ethanol in a single industrial step.

Describe the observations when bromine water is added to a sample of cyclohexene and explain the type of reaction occurring.

Draw the SN2 mechanism for the reaction between chloroethane and aqueous hydroxide ions, using curly arrows and showing relevant partial charges and the transition state.

Phenols and carboxylic acids both show acidic properties but react differently with certain bases.

(a) Compare the reactions of phenol and ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
(b) Describe the iron(III) chloride test used to identify the presence of a phenol group, including the expected colour change.

Esters can be synthesised from alcohols and carboxylic acids or acid anhydrides.

(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid) with ethanoic anhydride to form aspirin.
(b) Suggest one reason why ethanoic anhydride is often preferred over ethanoic acid in the industrial synthesis of aspirin.
(c) Describe the technique of re-crystallisation used to purify the solid aspirin product.