Addition and condensation of polymers: แบบฝึกหัด

A specific synthetic polymer is found to have an average relative molecular mass of \(5.6 \times 10^4\). If the monomer used to synthesize this polymer is propene (\(C_3H_6\)), what is the approximate number of repeat units in one polymer chain?

Kevlar is a polyamide used in bulletproof vests. It is formed from benzene-1,4-diamine and benzene-1,4-dicarbonyl chloride. Which of the following small molecules is eliminated during the formation of Kevlar?

Which of the following statements regarding the biodegradability and chemical properties of synthetic polymers is correct?

Terylene is a polyester produced from the monomers ethane-1,2-diol and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. If the average relative molecular mass of a Terylene sample is 19,200, what is the approximate number of ester linkages in one polymer chain? (Assume the chain is very long and ignore end groups).

A polymer is formed via the condensation of a single monomer, 6-aminohexanoic acid. Which of the following represents the correct repeat unit for this polymer?

A polymer is formed from the monomer \(CH_2=CH(CN)\). Identify the type of polymerisation involved and explain why the atom economy of this reaction is 100%.

Draw the structural formula of the repeating unit for the condensation polymer formed from \(H_2N(CH_2)_6NH_2\) and \(HOOC(CH_2)_4COOH\), and identify the functional group linking the monomers.

The development of synthetic polymers has led to significant environmental challenges.

(a) Explain why poly(ethene) persists in the environment for hundreds of years. Reference the specific nature of its chemical bonds.

(b) A certain biodegradable polyester is formed from the monomer 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid), \(CH_3CH(OH)COOH\).
(i) Draw the repeat unit of poly(lactic acid).
(ii) Explain the mechanism by which poly(lactic acid) degrades in the environment.

(c) Compare the environmental impact of disposing of poly(alkenes) versus polyesters in landfills.

(d) Suggest one reason why recycling poly(alkenes) is preferred over incineration, considering both environmental and economic factors.