The Periodic Table: แบบฝึกหัด

Which of the following correctly describes the trend in first ionisation energy across Period 3 from sodium (\(\text{Na}\)) to chlorine (\(\text{Cl}\))?

Which of the following elements in Period 3 forms a chloride that hydrolyses completely in water to produce an acidic solution and also forms an oxide that reacts with both aqueous acids and strong aqueous alkalis?

An unknown solid oxide of a Period 3 element, \(\text{XO}_2\), has a giant covalent lattice structure with a very high melting point. It does not react with water, but dissolves in hot concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a soluble salt.

What is the identity of element \(\text{X}\)?

State the nature of the solution formed (acidic, neutral, or alkaline) and write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when solid sodium oxide, \( \text{Na}_2\text{O} \), is added to water.

Explain the trend in the volatility of the halogens down Group 17, from chlorine to iodine, with reference to the types of intermolecular forces involved.

The melting points of Period 3 elements vary across the period as shown in the graph. Explain the trend in melting points from sodium to silicon, and account for the sharp decrease observed from silicon to phosphorus, in terms of the structure and bonding of these elements.