Exploration, colonization and empire: แบบฝึกหัด

• a.Ended the conflict between the British and French over North American territories.
• b.Divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain along a meridian.
• c.Established the Dutch East India Company as the primary trader in Asia.
• d.Abolished the Encomienda system in the Spanish colonies.

• a.A total isolation of the Americas from European influence until the 18th century.
• b.The migration of millions of indigenous Americans to Europe to work in the spice trade.
• c.A catastrophic decline in indigenous populations due to Old World diseases combined with a surge in European and African populations.
• d.The immediate industrialization of South American tribal societies through European machinery.

• a.A maritime navigation technique using the astrolabe and quadrant.
• b.A democratic council formed by local leaders to advise the Spanish crown.
• c.A religious mission intended to peacefully convert indigenous populations to Christianity.
• d.A labor system where Spanish settlers were granted land and the right to extract forced labor from indigenous people.

• a.It forced European monarchs to abandon their colonies due to the lack of currency.
• b.It caused a sudden decrease in the price of spices, making colonization unprofitable.
• c.It resulted in the total ban of overseas trade to protect domestic agriculture.
• d.The massive influx of silver and gold from American mines led to high inflation and significant economic restructuring in Europe.

• a.Mercantilism
• b.Laissez-faire Capitalism
• c.Feudalism
• d.Manorialism

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