Respiration: แบบฝึกหัด

Which of the following is a characteristic of glycolysis that distinguishes it from the other stages of aerobic respiration?

A sample of germinating seeds was placed in a respirometer. The seeds consumed \(22.4 \text{ cm}^{3}\) of oxygen and produced \(20.2 \text{ cm}^{3}\) of carbon dioxide over a set period. Calculate the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) for this sample.

During the complete aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose, how many molecules of ATP are produced specifically by substrate-level phosphorylation?

In the process of glycolysis, what is the net yield of reduced NAD and ATP from the breakdown of one molecule of glucose?

Which of the following correctly describes the products formed from one molecule of pyruvate during the link reaction in the mitochondrial matrix?

Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration. State the net gain of ATP and reduced NAD molecules produced during the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose in this stage.

The Krebs cycle depends on the regeneration of a four-carbon (\(4C\)) molecule. Explain how a shortage of this molecule would affect the oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A and the subsequent production of ATP.

Explain why the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial membrane would cease if the electron transfer chain was inhibited, even if a high concentration of protons (\(H^{+}\)) remained in the intermembrane space initially.

Glycolysis is the initial stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm.
(a) Describe how glucose is converted into glucose phosphate during the first step of glycolysis and state why this step is necessary. (2 marks)
(b) State the net gain of ATP and reduced NAD molecules produced from the breakdown of one molecule of glucose during glycolysis. (2 marks)

The link reaction provides the entry point for products of glycolysis into the mitochondrial matrix.
(a) Explain why the link reaction is described as an oxidative decarboxylation. (2 marks)
(b) Describe how the acetate produced in the link reaction is transported into the Krebs cycle. (2 marks)