4.5.1-4.5.2 Public expenditure and taxation: แบบฝึกหัด

• a.Transfer payments
• b.Automatic stabilisers
• c.Capital expenditure
• d.Current expenditure

• a.A global shift towards protectionist trade policies and higher tariffs.
• b.The widespread privatisation of state-owned natural monopolies.
• c.Changing demographics, such as an ageing population requiring higher pension and healthcare spending.
• d.A decrease in the dependency ratio within the labour market.

• a.A rise in interest rates due to increased government borrowing
• b.A decrease in the corporate tax rate
• c.A shift in the Long-run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) curve to the right
• d.An increase in the marginal propensity to consume

• a.By increasing the exchange rate through higher demand for the domestic currency.
• b.By shifting the Aggregate Demand curve to the left to control inflation.
• c.By creating a budget surplus that lowers the level of national debt.
• d.By increasing labour productivity and reducing unit labour costs.

• a.The structural deficit is eliminated once an economy enters a boom period.
• b.The cyclical deficit varies with the trade cycle, while the structural deficit remains even when the economy is at full potential.
• c.The cyclical deficit refers to capital expenditure, while the structural deficit refers to current expenditure.
• d.The structural deficit is caused by automatic stabilisers, whereas the cyclical deficit is caused by discretionary fiscal policy.

ลองเขียนคำตอบด้วยตัวเองก่อน แล้วค่อยเทียบกับวิธีทำ

ลองเขียนคำตอบด้วยตัวเองก่อน แล้วค่อยเทียบกับวิธีทำ

ลองเขียนคำตอบด้วยตัวเองก่อน แล้วค่อยเทียบกับวิธีทำ