Health, disease and the development of medicines: แบบฝึกหัด

• a.To ensure the drug is safe and to check for unexpected side effects at low doses.
• b.To compare the effectiveness of the new drug against existing antibiotics.
• c.To see if the healthy volunteers develop immunity to the target pathogen.
• d.To determine the minimum effective dose required to kill the bacteria.

• a.Viruses mutate much faster than bacteria, developing immediate resistance.
• b.Antibiotics inhibit specific bacterial cell processes which viruses do not possess.
• c.Viruses live inside host cells where the concentration of antibiotics is too low to work.
• d.Viruses are surrounded by a protein coat that reflects antibiotic molecules.

• a.\(31.0\); Yes, obesity is a significant risk factor.
• b.\(\text{31.0}\); No, BMI does not correlate with cardiovascular health.
• c.\(\text{54.3}\); Yes, obesity is a significant risk factor.
• d.\(\text{27.1}\); No, they are within the healthy weight range.

• a.The HIV virus acts as a vector that carries the TB bacteria into the lungs.
• b.HIV is a non-communicable disease that increases the rate of bacterial mutation.
• c.The medicines used to treat HIV allow the TB bacteria to enter cells more easily.
• d.HIV destroys white blood cells, weakening the immune system's ability to defend against the TB bacteria.

• a.Memory lymphocytes; they release antitoxins to neutralise the viral DNA.
• b.Antigens; they trigger the production of more white blood cells immediately.
• c.Phagocytes; they remember the pathogen and engulf it more quickly.
• d.Memory lymphocytes; they quickly produce high concentrations of specific antibodies.

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ลองเขียนคำตอบด้วยตัวเองก่อน แล้วค่อยเทียบกับวิธีทำ