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Law (YLA1)
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สรุปวิชาLaw (YLA1)สำหรับนักเรียนPearson Edexcel International A Levelแบบฟรี แต่ละบทด้านล่างครอบคลุมหัวข้อสำคัญพร้อมตัวอย่างและโจทย์ที่ฝึกต่อในแอป thinka ได้ทันที
Paper 1: The nature, purpose of and liability in law
Rules and law: certainty, enforcement, sanction by the state
Rights, duties, privileges, liabilities and legal personality
Liability and remedies in civil law
Liability and sanctions in criminal law
Theories of punishment and the Criminal Justice Act 2003
Legal theories: positivism, natural law, utilitarianism
Law and morality: the Hart/Devlin debate
Paper 1: Legislation and delegated legislation
Stages in the creation of an Act of Parliament
Influences on law reform in developing English law
Judicial interpretation of statutes
Types of delegated legislation
Control of delegated legislation, advantages and disadvantages
Paper 1: Judicial law making and EU law
The doctrine of precedent in the court hierarchy
Equity and equitable remedies in contract law
Advantages and disadvantages of judicial law making
EU law: directives, regulations and the European Court of Justice
Paper 1: Dispute resolution, legal personnel and costs
The civil courts: hierarchy, jurisdiction and the Civil Procedure Rules
Public tribunals
ADR: arbitration, conciliation, mediation, negotiation, ombudsman
Judges and the legal profession
Lay people in the law
The cost of taking legal action and funding of going to law
Paper 2: The market — contract, negligence and remedies
Formation of contract
Terms in a contract and exclusion clauses
Consumer Rights Act 2015: implied terms and remedies
Validity and discharge of contracts
Privity of contract
Negligence: duty of care, breach and damage
Defences: consent and contributory negligence
Remedies for the market: damages and injunctions
Paper 2: The criminal offender
Actus reus: causation and liability for omissions
Mens rea: intention, transferred malice, subjective recklessness
Strict liability
Theft Act 1968: theft, robbery, burglary, blackmail
Fraud Act 2006 and making off without payment
Criminal Damage Act 1971
General defences: duress and intoxication
Sanctions and sentencing under the Criminal Justice Act 2003
Paper 2: The individual
Freedom of speech and defamation
Human Rights Act 1998: expression and assembly
Appeals to the European Court of Human Rights
Privacy, data protection and freedom of information
Occupiers' liability
Trespass to land and remedies for the individual
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