Command of Evidence (Textual, Quantitative): แบบฝึกหัด

In her 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen frequently explores the rigid social hierarchy of Regency England. The characters' interactions are often dictated by their wealth and family connections, and the plot centers on the domestic lives and marriage prospects of the Bennet sisters. Critics often note that Austen's focus rarely strays from these private, social spheres to larger political events of the time.

Which detail from the text best supports the claim that Austen's work focuses on domestic life?

A researcher is studying the impact of noise pollution on the song patterns of urban robins. The researcher claims that robins in noisy environments sing at higher frequencies to ensure their songs are heard over low-frequency city traffic. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researcher's claim?

A researcher conducted a study to determine the optimal amount of sleep for cognitive performance. Participants were tested on a problem-solving task after different durations of sleep. The average scores (out of 100) are shown below.

A student claims that more sleep always leads to better cognitive performance. Which piece of evidence from the table most directly challenges this claim?

The following table shows the results of a survey regarding the preferred exercise activities of 100 residents in a local neighborhood.

Which statement is best supported by the data in the table?

In "The Yellow Wallpaper" (1892) by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the narrator is confined to a room by her husband for a "rest cure." As the story progresses, she becomes increasingly obsessed with the patterns of the wallpaper, eventually seeing a woman trapped behind them. Some scholars argue that the wallpaper represents the restrictive social structures that imprison women during the late 19th century.

Which detail from the text most directly supports the scholars' interpretation?

A researcher is comparing the carbon sequestration rates of three different forest types over a fifty-year period. The data below shows the average metric tons of CO2 absorbed per hectare per year.

Based on the table, which statement most accurately describes the carbon sequestration trend for the Tropical Rainforest compared to the other two forest types?

The following data presents the results of an experiment on the impact of specific wavelengths of light on the growth rate of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis. A scientist hypothesized that while red light (600-700 nm) is essential for photosynthesis, blue light (400-500 nm) is more effective at promoting vertical stem elongation.

Based on the table, which finding most directly supports the scientist's hypothesis regarding blue light?

Archaeologists at the site of Catalhoyuk analyzed the frequency of obsidian tools versus flint tools across different occupational layers. Some scholars argue that as the settlement grew, trade networks expanded, leading to a higher reliance on imported obsidian rather than local flint. However, recent findings suggest the transition was more abrupt than previously thought.

Which piece of evidence from the table most directly supports the claim that the transition to obsidian was abrupt rather than a steady, gradual increase over the entire history of the settlement?

A group of biologists studied the effect of different water temperatures on the hatching rate of salmon eggs. They recorded the following results in a table:

Water Temperature and Hatching Rates
\( 10^\circ C \): \( 45\% \)
\( 15^\circ C \): \( 72\% \)
\( 20^\circ C \): \( 88\% \)
\( 25^\circ C \): \( 60\% \)

The lead biologist claims that there is an 'optimal temperature' for hatching salmon eggs, after which the hatching rate begins to decline. Based on the data provided:

Part A: What is the hatching rate recorded at a water temperature of \( 15^\circ C \)?
Part B: Which specific temperature from the study provides the strongest evidence to support the biologist's claim that the hatching rate declines after reaching a peak?

A group of environmental scientists conducted a study on soil carbon sequestration across different ecosystems to determine which provides the most effective long-term storage. They measured the mean carbon density in kilograms per square meter \( (kg/m^2) \) and recorded the results in the table below.

The lead researcher argues that while forests are often the focus of conservation, peatlands represent a far more concentrated carbon reservoir. Which piece of data from the table most directly supports the researcher's argument, and what are the implications if the Boreal Peatland's density was actually \( 50\% \) lower than reported?