Communicable diseases：練習題

Which type of pathogen is responsible for causing the disease malaria?

How does the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) affect the growth of a plant?

Explain how the malarial protist is transmitted and how the spread of the disease is most effectively controlled based on its life cycle.

Which of the following is a symptom specifically associated with a Salmonella infection, according to the AQA specification?

How do viruses typically cause damage to the human body once they have entered a host?

State two ways that the spread of malaria can be controlled by reducing the population of its vector or avoiding contact with it.

Describe two different non-specific human defence systems that act as physical or chemical barriers to prevent pathogens from entering the body.

State one way that a bacterial pathogen can cause a person to feel ill once it has entered the human body.

Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses can cause infectious diseases in humans.

a) State two ways in which pathogens can be spread from one person to another.
b) Explain how bacteria and viruses cause damage to the human body once they have entered.
c) Describe one way in which the spread of gonorrhoea can be reduced or prevented.

Vaccination is a critical method for reducing the spread of communicable diseases such as measles and Salmonella.

a) Explain, in detail, how a vaccine containing an inactive form of a pathogen protects an individual against a future infection by the same live pathogen.

b) In the mid-20th century, the first vaccine for a specific bacterial disease was tested. In a clinical trial, \(2000\) volunteers were given the vaccine and \(2000\) were given a placebo. After one year, \(12\) people in the vaccine group developed the disease compared to \(84\) people in the placebo group. Calculate the percentage decrease in the incidence of the disease for the vaccinated group compared to the placebo group.

c) Explain why the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is a significant concern for global health, and state one way doctors can help reduce the rate of this development.