化能合成作用：練習題

Which of the following inorganic substances is used by chemosynthetic bacteria to provide the energy required to fix carbon at hydrothermal vents?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a similarity between the processes of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis in the marine environment?

Which of the following describes the role of oxidation in the process of chemosynthesis by Endoriftia at hydrothermal vents?

Chemosynthetic bacteria are essential to the survival of Riftia tubeworms. Where are these bacteria located within the body of the tubeworm?

Which statement correctly describes the symbiotic relationship between the giant tubeworm, Riftia, and the chemosynthetic bacteria Endoriftia?

Describe the environmental conditions at a hydrothermal vent that necessitate the process of chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis for primary production.

Describe the mutualistic relationship between the giant tubeworm, Riftia, and the chemosynthetic bacteria, Endoriftia, found at hydrothermal vents.

(a) While hydrogen sulfide is a common energy source at hydrothermal vents, other inorganic substances can also be used for chemosynthesis. Identify two inorganic substances, other than hydrogen sulfide, that chemosynthetic bacteria can use to fix carbon. \( [2] \)
(b) Explain the importance of chemosynthetic bacteria as the base of the food web for the productivity and survival of a hydrothermal vent community. \( [3] \)

(a) Hydrothermal vents support unique communities in the deep ocean where light cannot penetrate. Compare the process of chemosynthesis occurring at these vents with the process of photosynthesis, specifically identifying the energy sources and the role of carbon fixation in both. \( [3] \)

(b) The giant tubeworm, Riftia, lives in a mutualistic relationship with the chemosynthetic bacteria Endoriftia. Explain how Endoriftia produces organic compounds and describe two ways in which Riftia facilitates this process. \( [3] \)

(c) Describe how the physical properties of the water emerging from a hydrothermal vent, such as the hydrothermal vent plume, contribute to the high productivity of these ecosystems compared to the surrounding deep-sea floor. \( [2] \)