Piliavin 等（地鐵撒瑪利亞人）：練習題

In the Piliavin et al. study, which victim condition received spontaneous help significantly more often and faster?

Which of the following describes two of the independent variables (IVs) systematically manipulated by Piliavin et al. in the subway experiment?

When comparing the results for the black and white victims in the 'drunk' condition, Piliavin et al. found a tendency towards same-race helping. How is this specific result often interpreted within the context of the cost-reward model?

Which research method did Piliavin et al. primarily use in their study of helping behavior on the New York subway?

In addition to the quantitative measures of helping, Piliavin et al. also collected qualitative data. Which of the following examples represents qualitative data recorded by the observers?

Outline one measure of the dependent variable recorded by the observers in the Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) study, related to the nature of help provided.

Explain why the Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) study is often considered to have high ecological validity compared to earlier laboratory experiments on bystander behavior.

Explain how the high rate of immediate helping in the 'ill' condition found by Piliavin et al. challenged the Darley and Latané theory of diffusion of responsibility.

State two key quantitative results found by Piliavin et al. regarding the type of victim (drunk versus ill/cane) and the frequency of spontaneous first help.

Outline the traditional concept of 'diffusion of responsibility' and explain why the overall findings from the Piliavin et al. study challenged this established theory of bystander apathy.