Halogen compounds (AS)：練習題

A sample of bromoethane is heated with an ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide.
Which organic product is formed in this reaction?

When 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide, the rate of reaction is found to be independent of the concentration of hydroxide ions.

Which of the following describes the most likely mechanism and the effect of doubling the concentration of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane on the initial rate of reaction?

In the nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes by cyanide ions, why is it necessary to use ethanol as a solvent rather than water?

Four different halogenoalkanes are reacted with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol at the same temperature.
Which compound will produce a precipitate the fastest?

The reaction between 2-bromo-2-methylpropane and aqueous sodium hydroxide proceeds via an \(S_N1\) mechanism.
Which statement correctly describes a feature of this mechanism?

Identify the reagents and conditions required to produce 2-bromopropane from propene.

Compare the reactivity of chloroethane and iodoethane towards aqueous silver nitrate, and explain the difference in terms of bond enthalpies.

Bromoethane can be converted into several different functional groups.
(a) State the reagents and conditions required to convert bromoethane into ethanol.
(b) Name the mechanism for this reaction.
(c) Explain why bromoethane is more reactive than chloroethane in this reaction with reference to bond strengths.

(a) 2-bromo-2-methylpropane is a tertiary halogenoalkane that reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
(i) State the name of the mechanism for this reaction.
(ii) Draw the displayed formula of the organic product formed in this reaction.
(iii) Explain why 2-bromo-2-methylpropane follows this specific mechanism rather than the alternative mechanism used by primary halogenoalkanes.

(b) If 2-bromo-2-methylpropane is instead treated with ethanolic sodium hydroxide and heated under reflux, a different reaction occurs.
(i) State the type of reaction that occurs.
(ii) Give the IUPAC name of the organic product.