能量收支：練習題

• a.Deposition
• b.Sublimation
• c.Evaporation
• d.Condensation

• a.Cities experience higher precipitation due to increased convection and more condensation nuclei.
• b.Urban areas have no impact on precipitation compared to the surrounding rural areas.
• c.Cities experience less precipitation due to lower humidity levels.
• d.Precipitation is lower in cities because the high albedo of buildings reflects moisture.

• a.

  Advection of warm moist air \(\rightarrow\) cooling by contact with a cold surface \(\rightarrow\) condensation.

• b.

  Terrestrial longwave radiation loss \(\rightarrow\) surface cooling \(\rightarrow\) conduction from air to surface \(\rightarrow\) air temperature reaches dew point.

• c.

  Shortwave radiation absorption \(\rightarrow\) evaporation \(\rightarrow\) vertical convection \(\rightarrow\) dew point reached.

• d.

  Adiabatic expansion \(\rightarrow\) cooling \(\rightarrow\) condensation at the lifting condensation level.

• a.

  A radiation deficit occurs in the Northern Hemisphere during summer, while a radiation excess occurs in the Southern Hemisphere due to land distribution.

• b.

  A radiation deficit exists at the equator due to high cloud cover, while a radiation excess is found at the sub-tropical high-pressure belts.

• c.

  A radiation excess exists in the tropics between approximately \(35^{\circ}\)N and \(35^{\circ}\)S, while a radiation deficit exists at higher latitudes toward the poles.

• d.

  A radiation excess is distributed uniformly across all latitudes during the equinoxes, resulting in a global equilibrium of sensible heat.

• a.

  The greater thermal inertia of the oceans causes the seasonal migration of pressure belts to be less extreme over water than over continental landmasses.

• b.

  Continental landmasses heat up and cool down slowly, causing pressure belts to remain static over land throughout the year.

• c.

  The high albedo of the oceans leads to the development of permanent low-pressure systems over the mid-latitudes.

• d.

  The ITCZ moves further south over the Atlantic Ocean than over South America during the Northern Hemisphere summer.

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。