The process of learning and socialisation：練習題

Which of the following describes the sociological perspective that emphasizes human agency and suggests that individuals have a role in shaping their own social identity through interactions?

According to functionalist sociologists, which mechanism in the education system ensures that students internalise the norms and values of the wider society beyond the formal curriculum?

Which sociological concept, often used by interactionists to challenge structuralist views of socialisation, suggests that individuals are not passive recipients of culture but instead actively interpret and negotiate their roles within social structures?

What term is used by sociologists to describe the process where an individual learns the specific expectations and behaviors associated with their gender during childhood?

Within the study of social control, what is the key distinction between power and force?

Define the term values and provide one example of a value commonly found in contemporary societies.

Explain how the process of globalisation can contribute to the development of hybrid identities among individuals.

Analyze how increased choice in postmodern societies has affected the social construction of gender compared to traditional biological explanations.

Socialisation is a fundamental process that shapes how individuals behave and interact within their culture. It is often divided into different stages and carried out by various institutions.

(a) Define the sociological term values.
(b) Identify two agencies of socialisation that an individual might encounter after early childhood.
(c) Briefly explain one way in which the peer group acts as an agency of social control.

Sociologists distinguish between different mechanisms through which social order is maintained.
(a) Explain the difference between force and consensus as mechanisms of social control.
(b) Describe two ways in which religion acts as an agency of secondary socialisation. <\/p>