貨幣與利率：練習題

In the context of the financial sector, what distinguishes narrow money from broad money?

In an economy where the central bank targets a specific interest rate, what must occur to the money supply if there is an increase in the demand for money (for example, due to a rise in real GDP)?

According to the Fisher equation of exchange, \(MV = PQ\), what is the most likely effect of a 10% increase in the money supply (\(M\)) if the velocity of circulation (\(V\)) remains constant and the economy is currently operating at full capacity?

In the liquidity preference theory of interest rate determination, a significant increase in the price level (inflation) is most likely to cause which of the following movements in the money market diagram?

According to the Quantity Theory of Money, if an economy experiences a persistent increase in the money supply beyond the growth of real output, what is the long-run consequence according to Monetarists?

State the Fisher equation of exchange and identify what each variable represents in the relationship between the money supply and the price level.

In the context of the liquidity preference theory, analyze how an increase in the money supply by the central bank affects the equilibrium interest rate, assuming the demand for money remains constant.

Explain how narrow money differs from broad money in terms of liquidity within the financial sector.

(a) Explain the difference between narrow money and broad money in terms of their liquidity and components. (3 points)

(b) Using the Fisher equation of exchange, \( MV = PT \), calculate the price level (P) if the money supply (M) is \( \$500 \) billion, the velocity of circulation (V) is 4, and the volume of transactions (T) is 200 billion units. (2 points)

(a) With the aid of a diagram, explain how the interaction between the demand for money (liquidity preference) and the supply of money determines the equilibrium interest rate in an economy. (4 points)

(b) Evaluate the extent to which a central bank can successfully use changes in the money supply to influence macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and real GDP growth. (4 points)