Biology (9477)

6個單元 · 44個課題

免費的Biology (9477)學習筆記,專為GCE A-Level - Higher 2 (H2)學生準備。下列每個章節都涵蓋一個重點主題,附有例題與練習提示,可在 thinka 應用程式中延伸練習。

The Cell and Biomolecules of Life

  • The cell theory

  • Outline functions of membrane systems and organelles in cells

  • The structure of a typical bacterial cell

  • The structures of biomolecules and their functions

  • The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure

  • Mode of action of enzymes

  • Stem cells

Genetics and Inheritance

  • DNA – structure and function

  • Central Dogma – DNA to RNA, RNA to protein

  • The structure of eukaryotic chromatin

  • The genetics of viruses

  • The genetics of bacteria

  • Genome organisation at the DNA level

  • Control of gene expression

  • DNA analysis and genomics

  • Mutations

  • Replication and division of nuclei and cells

  • Understanding of chromosome number and variation

  • Effect of meiosis on chromosome number and variation

  • The molecular biology of cancer

  • The passage of information from parents to offspring

  • Genotypes and phenotypes

  • Dihybrid crosses

  • Linkage and crossing-over

  • Interaction between loci

  • The effect of genotype and environment on the phenotype

Energy and Equilibrium

  • The need for energy in living organisms

  • Photosynthesis as an energy-trapping process

  • Respiration as an energy-releasing process

  • Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  • An overview of cell signalling and communication

Biological Evolution

  • The concept of the species

  • The neo-Darwinian revolution

  • Variation, natural selection and evolution

  • Evidence of evolution

  • Classification

Infectious Diseases

  • The immune system – adaptive and innate

  • Genetic recombination

  • Modes of viral and bacterial infections

  • Vaccination and modes of action of antibiotics

Impact of Climate Change on Animals and Plants

  • Human activities that contribute to climate change

  • Effects of climate change on the environment, plants and animals

  • Impact on biodiversity, biomedicines and the global food supply

  • Viral dengue disease in humans and how global warming affects its spread

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