C1.2 細胞呼吸（分子）：練習題

During aerobic cell respiration, which of the following processes occurs entirely within the mitochondrial matrix?

What is the primary purpose of reducing pyruvate during anaerobic fermentation in human muscle cells?

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is the main regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. Which combination of conditions represents effective allosteric inhibition signals for PFK, thereby signaling high cellular energy status and slowing down glucose breakdown?

During the process of cell respiration, what is the role of molecular oxygen (\(O_2\)) in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell?

During the Link Reaction (pyruvate oxidation), which molecule is produced as carbon dioxide is removed from pyruvate, and subsequently enters the Krebs cycle?

State the net gain of ATP molecules produced directly from substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis per molecule of glucose.

Explain the structural advantage gained by the inner mitochondrial membrane being highly folded into cristae.

Explain the fundamental purpose of maintaining a steep proton gradient (\(H^+\)) across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation.

State the cellular location where glycolysis occurs and outline the main products of alcoholic fermentation in yeast, clearly identifying the carbon dioxide output.

Distinguish between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, providing the specific stages of aerobic cell respiration where each mechanism contributes significantly to ATP production.