第 1 題
1 分In the context of ecosystem sustainability, which of the following is essential for the long-term survival of a biological community?
IB Diploma Programme (DP) - SL & HL · Biology
D4.2 穩定與變化（生態系）：練習題
5 條多項選擇題即時批改，另有 2 條文字題附完整解題步驟，全部圍繞「D4.2 穩定與變化（生態系）」。
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第 2 題
1 分Which of the following activities contributes most significantly to an individual's ecological footprint in a developed country?
第 3 題
1 分In an open ocean pelagic ecosystem, sustained overfishing of top predatory piscivorous fish leads to an increase in zooplanktivorous forage fish, causing a decline in large herbivorous zooplankton and a subsequent unchecked bloom of phytoplankton. What ecological phenomenon is demonstrated here?
第 4 題
1 分Which statement correctly defines an ecological tipping point in the context of sustainability and change?
第 5 題
1 分An enclosed forest ecosystem experiences a prolonged drought. Large canopy trees undergo severe water stress, leading to widespread mortality. The loss of canopy cover increases forest floor temperatures and desiccates litter, rendering the remaining vegetation susceptible to intense wildfires that convert the area into a stable dry savanna. What does this transition illustrate?
第 6 題
5 分Explain how a positive feedback loop involving boreal forest wildfire frequency and climate warming can lead to an ecological tipping point.
先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。
第 7 題
4 分Ecosystems can maintain dynamic equilibrium, but severe human disturbances can trigger rapid state shifts.
a) Outline what is meant by a tipping point in an ecosystem.
b) Explain the role of positive feedback loops in driving an ecosystem past an ecological tipping point, using the example of Arctic sea ice loss.
c) Distinguish between the stability of an ecosystem with high species richness versus one with low species richness when subjected to environmental disturbance.
先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。
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