理解行為的認知取向：練習題

In cognitive psychology, what is the term for the mental process of accessing and bringing stored information back into conscious awareness?

In the study by Loftus and Palmer (1974) on the reliability of memory, which verb condition resulted in the highest average speed estimate from participants when describing a car accident?

A significant theoretical criticism of the Working Memory Model (WMM) is that the central executive component is:

According to Miller (1956), the capacity of short-term memory is approximately \( 7 \pm 2 \) items. What process allows for more information to be stored by grouping items into larger, meaningful units?

Brown and Kulik (1977) proposed the theory of Flashbulb Memory. According to their research, what are the two main factors required for the formation of such a memory?

Within the Multi-store Model of Memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin), what is the specific role of maintenance rehearsal?

Explain how the vividness of a flashbulb memory differs from its actual accuracy over time, according to cognitive research.

Contrast System 1 and System 2 thinking within the Dual Process Model, specifically regarding their speed and reliance on conscious effort.

Explain the key components and processes of the Multi-Store Model of memory, as proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968).

Part A: Compare and contrast the characteristics of System 1 and System 2 thinking according to the Dual Process Model.
Part B: Explain how the availability heuristic acts as a cognitive shortcut in System 1 thinking.
Part C: Discuss why individuals often rely on System 1 even when the situation requires the more effortful processing of System 2, using research evidence to support your answer.