生態系統、生態位與演替：練習題

A student uses a quadrat to estimate the population size of a specific plant species in a meadow. If the student finds an average of 4 individuals per \(0.25\text{ m}^2\) quadrat and the total area of the meadow is \(200\text{ m}^2\), what is the estimated total population size?

Calculate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of an ecosystem if the Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is \(25,000\text{ kJ m}^{-2}\text{ y}^{-1}\) and the energy lost through plant respiration (R) is \(12,000\text{ kJ m}^{-2}\text{ y}^{-1}\).

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, what is the primary role of the photolysis of water?

In the Calvin cycle, which enzyme is responsible for the fixation of carbon dioxide by catalyzing its reaction with Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)?

Define the term community as it is used in ecology.

Explain how allopatric speciation occurs following the geographic isolation of a population.

In a field, the Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is \( 25,000 \text{ kJ m}^{-2}\text{ yr}^{-1} \) and the energy lost through respiration (R) is \( 11,000 \text{ kJ m}^{-2}\text{ yr}^{-1} \). Calculate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP).

Topic 5: On the Wild Side<\/b>
Photosynthesis consists of light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

(a) Describe the role of light energy in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
(b) The light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) involve the reduction of carbon dioxide. Name the enzyme responsible for fixing carbon dioxide and state where these reactions occur within the chloroplast.
(c) Calculate the net primary productivity (NPP) of an ecosystem where the gross primary productivity (GPP) is \(8500\text{ kJ m}^{-2}\text{ y}^{-1}\) and the energy lost through respiration (R) is \(4200\text{ kJ m}^{-2}\text{ y}^{-1}\).<\/p>