Russia, 1917–91: from Lenin to Yeltsin：練習題

• a.

  To implement the Virgin Lands Scheme in order to expand the total area of arable land.

• b.

  To encourage the migration of urban workers to the countryside to support industrial growth.

• c.

  To remove a class of wealthier peasants perceived as a threat to collectivisation and state control of grain.

• d.

  To provide financial incentives for successful farmers to increase productivity for export.

• a.

  The use of psychiatric hospitals as a means of political control was abolished in favour of public trials and executions.

• b.

  The secret police was entirely disbanded and replaced by a volunteer ‘People’s Militia’ to ensure community-led justice.

• c.

  The KGB lost its primary function of monitoring the population, focusing exclusively on external espionage against the West.

• d.

  The KGB shifted toward ‘prophylactic’ measures and the targeted suppression of specific dissidents rather than mass random terror.

• a.

  It led to the immediate dissolution of the Petrograd Soviet to prevent a dual power structure.

• b.

  It oversaw the first major purge of the Red Army to remove potential supporters of the White movement.

• c.

  It formally established the Cheka as the primary organ for state security and the elimination of the bourgeoisie.

• d.

  It introduced the ‘Ban on Factions’ to ensure party unity and centralisation during the transition to the New Economic Policy.

• a.

  It stifled artistic innovation by mandating that all works must provide a positive, heroic depiction of Soviet life and party goals.

• b.

  It focused primarily on religious iconography to bridge the gap between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Communist Party.

• c.

  It encouraged the avant-garde movement to experiment with abstract forms to represent the complexity of the proletariat.

• d.

  It allowed for the open criticism of Stalin’s leadership as long as the work maintained a generally pro-communist tone.

• a.

  It saw a total abandonment of censorship, allowing for the widespread publication of dissident literature like The Gulag Archipelago.

• b.

  It led to political stagnation and the emergence of a gerontocracy, as officials were rarely removed from their positions.

• c.

  It accelerated the process of de-Stalinisation by encouraging younger, more radical reformers to take high-ranking party roles.

• d.

  It resulted in a significant decentralisation of power, giving individual factory managers the right to set their own prices.

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。